Chapter 10
What are the three macronutrients that provide energy to the body?
Carbohydrates, protein, and fat
What term refers to planned, structured, repetitive movement designed to improve fitness?
Exercise
What common screening tool uses height and weight to categorize weight status?
BMI
This term describes the body’s physical and psychological response to demands or challenges.
Stress
What nutrients help regulate the body processes but do not provide calories?
Vitamins and minerals
What are the five components of health-related fitness?
Cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition
Excess visceral fat significantly increases the risk of developing what types of chronic diseases are you more at risk of developing
Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
This concept refers to a person’s belief in their ability to successfully perform a behavior or achieve a goal, and it is a key predictor of behavior change.
Self-Efficacy
What type of fatty acid is solid at room temperature and is commonly found in animal products?
Saturated fatty acid
This training principle states that fitness improves when the body is exposed to increasing levels of stress or workload.
Progressive overload
What are the characteristics of the gynoid pattern of fat distribution?
Fat stored primarily in the hips and thighs
What term describes the different areas of life that interact to influence overall wellness?
Dimensions of wellness
A student eats a snack containing 10 grams of fat, 20 grams of carbohydrates, and 5 grams of protein. Using the calorie values for each macronutrient, calculate the total calories in the snack.
190 calories
A student stops exercising for several months after improving their fitness level. Over time their endurance and strength decline. What training principle explains the loss of fitness when activity levels decrease.
Reversibility
This chronic metabolic disease occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to insulin, causing high levels of glucose in the blood.
Type 2 diabetes
During this stage of sleep the brain becomes highly active, most dreaming occurs, and the body experiences temporary muscle paralysis.
REM
These substances are found in foods that can help protect the body from damage caused by free radicals or unstable molecules that can damage the DNA, proteins, and cell membranes.
Antioxidants
This training principle explains why a runner improves endurance primarily by running rather than by lifting weights.
Specificity
A college student exercises excessively, frequently binges and eats large amounts of food, and then engages in behaviors such as vomiting or laxative use to prevent weight gain. What eating disorder best describes this pattern of behavior?
Bulimia nervosa
What stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome occurs when the body’s physiological resources become depleted after prolonged exposure to stress?
Exhaustion stage
During moderate to vigorous exercise, the body primarily relies on stored carbohydrate in muscles and the liver for energy.
What is the name of this stored form of carbohydrate?
Glycogen