Transcription
These are the three steps of transcription.
What are Initiation, Elongation, and Termination?
This is the physical blockade of sigma factor and RNAP binding of the DNA by another protein.
What is steric hindrance?
This chemical is used in a chemical transformation to make the bacterial outer membrane more positive.
What is calcium chloride (CaCl2)?
This cellular structure reads mRNA and assembles amino acids into a protein.
What is a ribosome?
These small molecules are the building blocks of proteins.
What are amino acids?
This strand of DNA will have the same sequence as the RNA transcript (pick one)
What is the coding strand, the sense strand, or the non-template strand?
This is the sequence encoded on the DNA to which a transcriptional repressor will bind.
What is the operator?
This is added to the plate to select for the plasmid-containing bacteria.
This type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
What is tRNA?
This type of chemical bond connects amino acids together in a protein.
What is a peptide bond?
RNAP synthesizes the new RNA strand in this direction.
What is 5 prime to 3 prime?
If you were a transcriptional activator, where would you like to bind relative to the promoter?
What is upstream or 5' to the promoter?
This offers some sort of selective advantage that allows a microbe to survive better.
What is a virulence gene?
This three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA specifies an amino acid or a stop signal.
What is a codon?
This level of protein structure refers to the specific sequence of amino acids in a protein.
What is primary structure?
This feature is shared by both DNAP and RNAP.
What is they both use DNA as a template?
When a transcription factor binds to the DNA and blocks transcription initiation, this is the primary protein this repressor is blocking.
What is a sigma factor?
These are the four main components of a plasmid.
What are the resistance cassette, the origin of replication (ori), the promoter, and the multiple cloning site?
This codon typically signals the start of translation and codes for methionine.
What is AUG?
Alpha helices and beta sheets are examples of this level of protein structure.
What is secondary structure?
These are the two types of prokaryotic transcriptional termination.
What are rho dependent/independent termination? (Will accept intrinsic/extrinsic)
This is the term for when a protein binds but does not degrade a sigma factor.
What is sequester?
You design a plasmid containing an ampicillin resistance cassette, but you plate the transformed bacteria on a spectinomycin plate. The next day, there is no bacterial growth but you keep the plate in the incubator and observe bacterial growth after a few days, why?
The bacteria were weakly resistant to the antibiotic spectinomycin and thus grew much slower than normal.
These three codons signal the ribosome to stop translation and release the completed polypeptide.
What are UAA, UAG, and UGA?
Methionine and cystine are the only two amino acids that contain sulfur and each performs a special function that no other amino acid does. Name one of the two functions.
Methionine is the start amino acid and cystine can form disulfide bonds