The Renaissance
Not religious, this way of thinking grew in importance starting in the Renaissance and continued to grow through modern times.
What is Secular?
He was a German monk who posted the 95 Theses challenging the Catholic Church and starting the Protestant Reformation
Who was Martin Luther?
Two technological innovations that made exploration easier in this era
What is a caravel, astrolabe, or compass?
An area controlled or ruled by another country or empire. Spain had many of these in Latin America during the period of Early European Empires.
What is a colony?
A test to find out if an idea is true. Scientists use these to check if their hypothesis is correct. They often require a laboratory.
What is an experiment?
The belief that people and their ideas are important. This belief was one of the big ideas that impacted how European arts and philosophy changed during this time.
What is Humanism?
This is was a new type of Christianity that broke away from the Catholic Church during the Reformation.
What is Protestant?
The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the New World and the Old World.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
These were two developed civilizations thriving in Latin America before European colonization. Both were conquered by the Conquistadors.
Who were the Inca and the Aztec civilizations?
Steps scientists use to study questions. This helps to solve problems in a careful way and develop reliable knowledge about the world.
What is the Scientific Method?
An Italian artist and inventor who painted Mona Lisa and studied science.
Who was Leonardo da Vinci?
This position is the leader of the Catholic Church.
Who is the Pope?
An Italian explorer who "discovered" the New World for Spain in 1492.
Who was Christopher Columbus?
A large farm that grows cash crops. Workers usually live on this large farm. They were important tools for making money in European colonies in the New World, growing Sugar and other crops.
What is a Plantation?
The study of space, the stars, and planets. Famous people working in this field include Copernicus, Galileo, and Ptolemy.
What is Astronomy?
A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land. This was one of the causes of the Renaissance.
What are the Crusades?
To be kicked out of a Church and no longer allowed to return. People who have had this happen to them include Martin Luther and Henry VIII, King of England.
What is Excommunication?
A Spanish soldier/explorer; examples include Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro.
Who were the Conquistadors?
Trade routes that moved enslaved people from Africa to the New World, crops and minerals from the New World to Europe, and manufactured goods from Europe to Africa.
What is the Triangular Trade?
The French philosopher who said: "I think, therefore I am." Used reason and doubt to find knowledge.
Who was René Descartes?
The everyday language of the people. This became important during the Renaissance, as literature and other topics were no longer written or translated from Latin as before.
What is Vernacular?
Papers that promised forgiveness for sins, which were used to raise money for the Catholic Church. This was one of the things Martin Luther was against in his 95 Theses.
What is an Indulgence?
A Portuguese explorer, the first person to sail around the world (he was killed on the way).
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
In 1494, the Pope, Spain, and Portugal signed a treaty dividing all newly discovered lands between the two nations. Spain eventually developed colonies throughout most of Latin America. Portugal focused their colonial expansion on Brazil, Africa, and Asia.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
The model that was first introduced by Copernicus and then developed further by Galileo, which stated that the Sun is in the center of the solar system, not the Earth.
What is the heliocentric model?