Mitosis vs. Meiosis
This process produces 2 identical diploid daughter cells.
What is mitosis?
This process converts DNA into mRNA in the nucleus.
What is transcription?
The three-letter sequence in mRNA that codes for an amino acid.
What is a codon?
DNA is cut with restriction enzymes and inserted into bacteria to make proteins.
What is recombinant DNA?
An organism with two identical alleles for a trait.
What is homozygous?
This process produces 4 haploid gametes.
What is meiosis?
This process occurs at the ribosome and links amino acids together.
What is translation?
This process in bacteria produces two identical cells.
What is binary fission?
This biotechnology separates DNA fragments by size using gel and electricity.
What is gel electrophoresis (DNA fingerprinting)?
The physical expression of a trait.
What is phenotype?
This event increases genetic diversity by creating new combinations of genes during meiosis.
What is crossing over?
This molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome.
What is tRNA?
According to the Law of Segregation, gametes contain this number of alleles per gene.
What is one allele?
Organisms whose DNA has been altered to include a desirable trait.
What are GMOs?
If two heterozygous dogs (Dd x Dd) are crossed, the chance of dd offspring is this percent.
What is 25%?
These types of cells are produced by meiosis and are used in sexual reproduction.
What are gametes?
Mutations are only passed to offspring if they occur in these cells.
What are gametes?
The Law of Independent Assortment increases this.
What is genetic variation?
In gel electrophoresis, smaller DNA fragments move this direction compared to larger fragments.
What is farther down the gel (toward the positive end)?
When both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote (black and white spotted chicken).
What is codominance?
During this phase of meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate.
What is Anaphase I?
This is the correct order of structures involved in making a protein, starting with DNA.
What is DNA → mRNA → protein?
Transcribe this DNA sequence: TAC → ___
What is AUG?
These enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences.
What are restriction enzymes?
If Huntington’s is dominant and a heterozygous father has one unaffected child, the probability the next child has Huntington’s is this.
What is 50%?