Rock Types & Formation
What are the three types of rocks?
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic.
What is a light-colored igneous rock called? Dark-colored?
Felsic (light); Mafic (dark)
What are sediments?
Small pieces of rock, mineral, or organic material that make up sedimentary rocks
When metamorphic rocks form over a large area, what is it called?
Regional metamorphism
What are the three sizes of soil particles?
Sand, silt, clay
How do you form a sedimentary rock?
Compaction and cementation of sediments
What are the types of igneous texture?
Coarse-grained, fine-grained, glassy, porphyritic
What are clastic sedimentary rocks made of?
Broken pieces of other rocks
Sandstone
When metamorphic rocks form in a small specific location, what is it called?
Contact metamorphism
What are the agents of mechanical weathering?
Abrasion, Frost Action (Ice Wedging), Wetting and Drying, Plant and Animal Action, exfoliation
How do you form a metamorphic rock?
Heat and pressure change existing rock
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive?
Intrusive cools slowly inside Earth; extrusive cools quickly on surface
Where do most sedimentary rocks form?
Under or in water
What is the difference between foliated and non-foliated?
Pressure flattens the mineral crystals and pushes them into parallel bands- Foliated
No visible parallel bands- nonfoliated
What are the agents of chemical weathering?
Hydrolysis, Oxidation, Carbonation, and Acids
How do you form an igneous rock?
Cooling and solidification of magma or lava
Give an example of an intrusive igneous rock
Granite
What are the 3 features of sidementary rocks?
Stratification, Ripple marks, and fossils
Where do most metamorphic rocks form?
Below Earth's surface
What are the four methods of soil conservation?
Terracing, Contour plowing, Strip cropping, and Shelter belt
What are the processes that can form sedimentary rocks?
Compaction, cementation, Precipitation, and Evaporation
Give an example of an extrusive igneous rock
pumice, obsidian
What are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks?
Clastic, Chemical, and Organic
Name one foliated rock and one non-foliated rock
Foliated: Slate, schist, gneiss
Nonfoliated: Quartzite, marble
What is oxidation? Hydrolysis? Carbonation?
Chemical reaction between, oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide and minerals