AOS 1 - Ch 7 & 8
Identify the dimensions of development.
Physical
Intellectual
Emotional
Social
Identify the stages of pre-natal development and their start and end points. Provide one characteristics of physical development at each stage.
Germinal - 0 to 2 weeks (implantation)
- zygote formed, development of morula, blastocyst creates baby & placenta, implantation into endometrium (uterus)
Embryonic - 3 to 8 weeks
- cell differentiation, organogenesis, buds to form limbs appear, heart beat begins, facial features form, fingers & toes start to form
Foetal - 9 - 38 weeks
- teeth begin to form, senses develop & function, rapid growth in size & complexity, finger & toe nails grow, eyebrows & lashes start to grow
Identify two allied health services and two alternative health services.
ALLIED - physiotherapy, optometry, chiropractic, podiatry, counselling
ALTERNATIVE - acupuncture, homeopathy, naturopathy, massage therapy, yoga, Chinese Medicine
Identify 3 possible outcomes for consumers complaints regarding healthcare.
Apology
Change of Policy / Process
Monetary Compensation / Refund
Access to Treatment
Access or Amendment to Health Record
Identify two advantages and two disadvantages of Medicare.
Advantages
- reduced cost for essential medical services, choice of doctor out of hospital services, covers tests & examinations by doctors & specialists
Disadvantages- no choice of doctor for in-hospital services, long waiting lists for many treatments, does not cover allied or alternative services, often does not cover the full cost of treatment
List 4 characteristics of healthy and respectful relationships.
Describe one of them.
Respect - The consideration of others’ feelings, opinion, rights and needs
Trust - The feeling of having confidence in another person and feeling physically and emotionally safe around them
Honesty - The quality of choosing not to lie, deceive or cheat
Loyalty - The quality of being faithful to others, and provide consistency and support
Empathy - The ability to share and understand the feelings of another
Safety - The state of being free from danger – either physically or emotionally
Equality - The state of being equal – in values, contributions and expectations
Communication - The exchange of information by speaking, writing or some other medium
Explain how play can benefits Physical, Intellectual, Emotional and Social development during early childhood.
Physical
- strengthen bones, muscles, heart & lungs
- improves immune system functioning
- increases fine and gross motor skill development
Intellectual
- improves language skills
- encourages creativity & imagination
Emotional
- reduces fear, anxiety and stress
- creates joy and builds self-esteem
- builds confidence and resilience
Social
- increases empathy and sharing
- improves relationships and attachments
- builds skills in negotiating and conflict resolution
Select one aspect of the public health system and explain how it is sustainable.
Sustainability means that the health system is able to meet the current needs of the population, while ensuring it can evolve to meet future needs as well.
Medicare
- is funded by taxes, so if our population rises we get more taxes to cover the cost of more treatments, allowing it to continue to fund itself
NDIS
- providing an individualised plan means that money is only spent on what is needed, rather than spending the same amount on all eligible participants, this means that money can be saved for future needs
PBS
- continually reviewing medicines to ensure that we are using ones with the greatest benefit help to keep the scheme running in to the future
Identify 3 issues that complaints of the health system could be related to.
- access to services
- quality and safety
- care and attention
- respect, dignity and consideration
- communication about treatment, options and costs
- the level of involvement in healthcare decisions
- access, privacy and confidentiality of personal health information
- complaint handling by the health service provider
Explain how socio-economic status can cause the health & well-being of one generation to influence the health & well-being of the next.
Low SES can mean parents might not be able to afford nutritious food, which can impact the optimal functioning of their body systems (physical hwb). If a pregnant mother does not have a nutritional diet, then her baby is likely to be born underweight, which can affect the development of its lungs, leading to conditions such as asthma, which can impact physical hwb.
Identify each stage of the lifespan and its age range.
Prenatal - fertilisation to birth
Infancy - birth to 2 years
Early Childhood - 2 years to 6 years
Late Childhood - 6 years to 12 years
Youth - 12 years to 18 years
Early Adulthood - 18 years to 40 years
Middle Adulthood - 40 years to 65 years
Late Adulthood - 65 years to death
Identify 3 examples of social support and three examples of emotional support that can be provided for parents who have had a baby.
EMOTIONAL SUPPORT
- Checking in regularly via calls or messages.
- Offering comfort during moments of stress or exhaustion.
- Encouraging the parent to take breaks and practise self-care.
- Encouraging them to seek help when feeling overwhelmed.
- Reassuring the parent they’re doing a great job.
- Giving information about available community & government services.
- Respecting their parenting choices & avoiding unwanted criticism.
- Sharing positive parenting experiences to normalise struggles.
- Accompanying them to appointments for moral support.
- Listening without judgement when the parent talks about challenges.
SOCIAL SUPPORT
- Looking after the baby so the parent can rest or shower.
- Celebrating small milestones and achievements with them.
- Driving the parent to medical or maternal health appointments.
- Offering transport to parenting classes or support groups.
- Preparing home-cooked meals or organising a meal roster.
- Providing childcare for older children.
- Helping set up the nursery or assemble baby furniture.
- Helping with grocery shopping or running errands.
- Lending or gifting baby clothes, nappies, or equipment.
- Assisting with household chores like cleaning or laundry.
Describe two rights and two responsibilities of accessing healthcare.
RIGHTS
Access - to have access to a variety of healthcare services
Safety - receive safe and high quality care
Respect - be shown respect, dignity and consideration
Partnership - ask questions, and have open and honest communication
Information - clear information about my condition, the benefits & risks of treatment
Privacy - privacy and confidentiality of my personal information
Give Feedback - comment on my care and to have my concerns addressed
RESPONSIBILITIES
- provide information about their past and present illnesses, hospitalisations, medications and other matters relating to their health history
- ask questions when they do not understand explanations given about the risks and benefits of the proposed healthcare, treatments or procedures
- follow the instructions and medical orders of their doctors, nurses and medical support staff to bring about the best outcomes from treatment
- report any safety concerns immediately to their doctor, nurse or healthcare support staff
- treat medical staff with respect
- ask questions about costs before treatment
Identify 4 factors that can affect a person's access to health services or information.
Cost
Confidentiality
Schedule / Time Constraints
Geographic Location
Complicated Systems & Health Literacy levels
Cultural Factors
Explain how Medicare is funded.
General Taxation - money collected through general income tax of all Australians
Medicare Levy - an additional 2 per cent tax placed on the taxable income of most taxpayers
Medicare Levy Surcharge - an additional 1 to 1.5% tax on the income of people without private hospital insurance earning more than a certain amount ($93 000 a year for individuals)
Explain how social development can impact the health & well-being of Youth.
Social Development: behaviours, social roles, relationship skills, communication skills
Health & well-being - must link to the characteristics of dimension.
If young people have good social development, their communication and relationship skills should be more advanced. This can promote the mental health & well-being of young people because being able to clearly communicate your feelings and resolve any conflict openly can help to reduce levels of stress and anxiety in an individual.
Identify 4 risk / protective factors that influence prenatal development.
Select one factor to explain in detail it's influence on development.
Parent Health Literacy - knowing what to do / not to do
Antenatal Care - education, monitoring of HWB of baby, identify risk factors, medical interventions
Maternal Diet (Undernutrition, Iron, Iodine, Folate) - brain & nervous system development, DNA synthesis, neural tube defects, low birthweight, poor oxygen consumption
Smoking / Vaping - low birthweight, poor lung function, miscarriage
Alcohol Use - FASD, low birthweight, poor oxygen flow to baby, poor nervous system development
Identify and describe each part of Australia's Public Health System.
Medicare - Australia’s universal health insurance scheme providing free or subsidised healthcare to Australian citizens.
PBS - to provide subsidised essential medicines to people who needed them, regardless of their ability to pay
NDIS - a government insurance scheme that provides funding for services and supports to eligible Australians with a disability with the goal of allowing Australians with a permanent and significant disability to live as independently and fully as possible.
Select two types of digital media and explain how each can provide an opportunity and a challenge for people accessing healthcare.
Telehealth Consultations
Websites
Symptom Checkers
Apps
Social Media
Videos / YouTube
Identify the dimensions of development and 3 aspects of each.
Select one dimension and explain what this can look like for an individual during infancy.
Physical - growth, changes to body systems, motor skill development
Intellectual - knowledge & memory, language, thought patterns problem solving, creativity & imagination, attention
Emotional - developing self concept, experiencing a full range of emotions, learning how to appropriately express and communicate emotions, building resilience
Social - behaviours, social roles, relationship skills, communication skills,
Identify one type of relationship, then explain how that relationship can impact development of a young person if it is healthy & respectful.
Relationships: family, friendships, intimate, online, professional, teacher/mentor/coach
Healthy & Respectful: respect, trust, honesty, loyalty, empathy, safety, equality, communication
Dimensions: PIES
A healthy and respectful FAMILY relationship is one that is built on TRUST, HONESTY and SAFETY. If a young person trusts their parents, they are more likely to be able to express their emotions without fear of abuse. This can promote their EMOTIONAL development as they are more likely to develop a positive self concept.
To encourage speech and language in children, it is recommended that parents talk with and read to them.
Describe how this encourages intellectual development in children.
Intellectual development involves changes to the way the brain processes information. It relates to knowledge and memory, language, attention, thinking and problem-solving.
When parents talk frequently and naturally with their children, they are role-modelling how each word sounds, helping to develop speech.
Exposing children to a wide range of words helps expand their vocabulary and develop their understanding of the meaning of words.
Children develop skills in grammar and conversation when they hear their parents use words in a sentence, helping them learn about the order in which words should be used in sentences.
Select two community services and explain how each can support youth health & well-being.
Doctors, Dentists, Hospitals
Sporting and Recreation Clubs
headspace
Places of Worship
Volunteer Organisations
Secondary School Immunisation Program
Select two factors that can impact access to health services and explain how each can affect the health & well-being of young people.
Cost
Link two of these factors to dimensions of health & well-being.
Confidentiality
Schedule / Time Constraints
Geographic Location
Complicated Systems & Health Literacy levels
Cultural Factors
Explain two possible stressors to family relationships for someone undertaking the parenting role for the first time.
Health
Psychological
Financial
Social
Lifestyle
Support
Expectations
Balancing responsibilities
Communication
Parenting style