World War I
What were other names for World War I?
“The great war” or “the war to end all wars”
What IS Imperialism?
Global empire building by modern states as opposed to earlier times.
Enormous growth of european empires in 19th century.
What economic class was seen as weaker and more morally inept?
The working class
What five great powers dominated the Congress of Vienna?
Britian, Austria, Russia, Prussia, and France
In what year did World War 1 begin?
1914
What countries made up the Triple Alliance AND the Triple Entene?
Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Entente: Britain, France, Russia
What was the 2nd Industrial revolution used to describe?
A new generation of tech innovation in the mid 1800s.
What did the discovery of fossils contradict?
The understanding of the biblical creation story
What country’s king did Napolean III replace during the European revolutions of 1848?
France
What did women work in during the 1800’s?
Factories, mills, mines, or as domestic servants
Why were Napoleonic tactics rendered obsolete during WW1?
Because of modern weaponry, machine guns wiped out mass charges and cavalry
What were the 3 tendencies of imperial states?
Forcibly taking land from locals
Took raw materials to ship back to europe
Exploit native labor
Who is Charles Darwin and what were his most popular theories?
An English naturalist famous for his theories of evolution and natural selection (survival of the fittest).
What was the 19th century known for? ( in terms of political tendencies)
Liberal, conservative, and nationalist tendencies
What was the first nation united under conservative leadership (hint: found in 19th century politics notes)
Italy
Why was Archduke Franz Ferndinand and his wife assassinated?
To help secure Bosnian independence from Austria-Hungary
Who emphasized the Christian v Muslim aspects of European aggression by inviting Sunni Muslim clerics to settle in the Ottoman empire?
Sultan Abdulham II
Why were living conditions for workers in modern cities in the 1850’s miserable?
Intense pollution, multiple families lived in one room, epidemics were frequent
After what year did conservatism slowly adopt liberal and nationalistic traits in Europe?
After 1848
How many casualties did the Battle of Verdun AND the Battle of Somme have? Which one had more?
Battle of Verdun: 540k French casualties, 420k German casualties
Battle of Somme: 420k british casualties, 200k french, and 650k Germans
Why was WW1 emerging as defensive war?
It was more effective to hide in trenches and wait for the enemy, survival came down to dumb due to offensive charging becoming “over the top”
In what year was civil equality and sovereignty of the people recognized in Persia? (Hint: around the time Parliament was created)
1907 (2 years after parliament was created in 1905)
What was a great advancement in Victorian science that improved overall health and what did it help develop?
Bacteriology, led to effective vaccines and modern sewers
What was Otto Von Bismarck’s goal with Prussia and how did he accomplish it?
Increase its power, accomplished with the Franco-Prussian war that resulted in the German unification
What caused the second Opium War in China? Who won?
China restricted European trade to Canton in 1760, which prompted disastrous efforts from the British. The British won.