Homeostasis
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining stable internal conditions.
What are the 2 types of feedback loops?
positive feedback loops and negative feedback loops
Which body system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide through the lungs?
respiratory system
What is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration toward an area of higher solute concentration?
Osmosis
What is the normal pH range of human arterial blood?
7.35 - 7.45
What is the normal average body temperature that the body tries to maintain in a healthy adult?
About 37°C (98.6°F).
What is responsible for detecting the stimulus?
the receptor
The brain and spinal cord are part of which system?
Nervous System
A red blood cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What happens to the cell's size?
The cell stays the same size. Water moves in and out of the cell at equilibrium.
If a person's pH is 7.6 is this acidic or alkaline (basic)?
alkaline
A person becomes dehydrated after exercising. What internal condition is changing, and why is this a threat to homeostasis?
The body's water balance is changing. Too little water can disrupt cell function, blood volume, and other body processes.
What is the most common type of feedback loop?
negative
What is one function of the skeletal system?
supports body and movement
protects internal organs
blood cell production
mineral and energy storage
A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which direction does water move, and what happens to the cell?
Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst.
If a person is diagnosed with respiratory acidosis, which organ is not functioning?
lungs
A person's body temperature rises during exercise. Explain two ways the body responds to help return its temperature toward normal.
Sweat evaporates and cools the skin, and blood vessels near the skin widen to release more heat.
During childbirth, contractions cause the release of oxytocin, which makes contractions stronger. Stronger contractions cause more oxytocin to be released. Is this positive or negative feedback?
positive
What is an example of one thing the cardiovascular system transports through the blood?
oxygen
carbon dioxide
water
salts
hormones
A red blood cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than the inside of the cell. What type of solution is this and what will happen to the cell?
The solution is hypertonic. Water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink.
A person has a Oxygen saturation of 88%. Is this normal?
No, it is out of the normal range.
A person's blood glucose rises after eating and later returns toward its normal range. Explain why maintaining this balance is important for cells and what could happen if blood glucose stays too high for a long time.
Cells need glucose for energy. Chronically high blood glucose can damage blood vessels, nerves, and organs.
In a temperature feedback loop, what are the roles of the receptor, control center, and effector?
The receptor detects a temperature change, the control center processes the information, and the effector carries out a response, such as sweating.
Explain 2 systems that a person must use to play basketball and how each system functions.
muscular/skeletal - movement
respiratory - breathing
nervous system - processing sensory info and reacting
Why would you not want to give a dehydrated patient a pure water IV solution? What percent saline (salt) should the IV solution be?
Cells are 0.9% salt. A pure water solution would be a hypotonic solution, causing the patient's cells to swell and possibly burst. The solution should be 0.9% saline to match the intracellular fluid of the cells.
If a person has a high pH, normal paCO2 and high HCO3 what is their dignosis?
Metabolic alkalosis