Cell Types
What is a cell? Where do they come from?
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function that come from pre-existing cells.
What is a organelle?
A structure within a cell that has a specific function.
Why is cell transport important for a cell?
movement of substances in and out the cell maintains homeostasis/equilibrium.
Where does photosynthesis occur?
In the Chloroplast
Where does cellular respiration occur?
In the mitochondria
What are the two categories of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Explain the structure of the mitochondria and how the structure determines its function.
The mitochondria has membrane folds that allows it to produce ATP. More folds more ATP, less folds less ATP is produced.
What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion - movement of substance from high to low concentration with concentration gradient.
Facilitated diffusion - movement of substances using a protein/facilitator from high to low concentration with the concentration gradient.
Who does photosynthesis? Define the term.
Autotrophs also known as producers produce/make their own food using energy from the sun.
Who does Cellular Respiration? Define the term.
Autotrophs (make their own food) and Heterotrophs (eat other living things)
What is one example of a prokaryotic cell AND one example of a eukaryotic cell?
Pro - Bacteria
Euk - Plants and Animal Cells
If the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed, what effect would this most likely have on the cell?
The cell would not be able to complete protein synthesis.
What is the structure of the cell membrane? How is the membrane semi-permeable?
Phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads (water loving) and hydrophobic tails (water fearing). The membrane is semi-permeable because it only allows certain substances into the cell while others are not allowed into the cell.
What is the food produced in photosynthesis? What biomolecule is the food?
Glucose - carbohydrate
How is photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar?
The reactants used for photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration and the products used for photosynthesis are the reactants for cellular respiration. Photosynthesis uses sunlight and cellular respiration produces ATP.
List the structures that are found in all cells (prokaryotic AND eukaryotic cells).
Ribosomes
DNA
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
What are the 3 organelles found only in a plant cell. Give the function of each organelle.
Cytoplasm - fluid or gel like substances in the inside of the cell.
Chloroplast - captures sunlight for photosynthesis to occur in plants.
(Central) vacuole - stores water in a plant cell.
List 3 differences between passive and active transport.
passive - no energy used, with conc. gradient, high to low concentration
active - uses ATP (energy), against conc. gradient, low to high concentration
What is the written equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight ----> glucose + oxygen
List 2 differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic - no oxygen needed, produces ATP (2) fast
Aerobic - oxygen requires, produces ATP (36) slowly
A student was given three specimens and was asked to describe each. The student described each specimen below:
Specimen #1: Multicellular with no chloroplast or cell wall, but has a nucleus and ribosomes with circular DNA.
Specimen #2: Unicellular with no nucleus, chloroplast, or cell wall, but has ribosomes with circular DNA.
Specimen #3: Multicellular with a chloroplast, cell wall, nucleus, and ribosomes with linear DNA.
Which of the specimens is a prokaryotic cell? How do you know?
Specimen #2 - no nucleus with circular DNA
__________ makes proteins and are commonly found on the _________ __________ ___________ which assembles the proteins. The ________ ________ then packages and transports them through the cell.
Ribosomes; Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER); Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body)
Sam has consumed an excessive amount of carbohydrates in the last hour and her body is having a hard time transporting the glucose. Inside of a cell there are 26 molecules of glucose and outside of the cell there are 4 molecules of glucose. Sam was recently diagnosed with diabetes and will need to using insulin to regulate her glucose levels. Which type of cell transport will occur to maintain homeostasis? Explain your answer.
Facilitated diffusion - insulin is a protein and glucose moves from high to low
List and explain one factor that impacts photosynthesis.
Availability of one of the reactants, pH, Temperature, Color of light
What is the written equation for cellular respiration?
Glucose + oxygen ---> Carbon dioxide + water + ATP (usable energy)