ratified in 1788
This article describes the power of the judicial branch.
What is III?
It's not in the Constitution, and presidents Obama and Trump don't like it, but this traditional rule requires that 60 votes in the Senate are needed to advance a bill.
What is a filibuster?
Gerrymandering has the most direct impact on this federal political institution.
What is the House of Representatives?
According to Article II, Section 2, the President of the United States has this military power.
What is Commander-in-Chief?
More specific than laws, many of you explored these in the Federal Register.
What are rules (or regulations)?
This element of the Constitution ratified in 1791 clarified that states can make individual choices regarding laws, and thus allowed for a lot of pluralism - the idea that different groups have different ideas - as articulated in Federalist 10.
What is the 10th Amendment?
This is the formal, and appropriate, title for the person in charge of overseeing 435 lawmakers.
What is the Speaker of the House?
The U.S. Constitution empowers Congress to carry out this in "such manner as they shall by Law direct" (Article I, Section 2) every 10 years. Its results inform redistricting.
What is the census?
In 1941, President Roosevelt asked that this political institution "declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December seventh, nineteen forty one, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire."
What is Congress?
In August, 2022, under the orders of Director Christoper Wray, the FBI searched the home of the 45th president to recover classified documents. Wray was appointed by this person.
Who is President Trump?
In part because the Framers of the Constitution and Hamilton, in Federalist 70, intended the executive branch to be led one person, the President has this informal power to siginficantly sway public opinion.
What is the bully pulpit?
These two landmark laws - one in 1964, and one in 1972, address discrimination, and the environment, respectively.
What are the Civil Rights Act and the Clean Water Act?
In Baker v. Carr (1962), the Supreme Court decided that gerrymandering cases - despite being political - were this.
What is justiciable?
In 2020, U.S. Senator Chris Murphy told The Hill that this action by President Trump was completed "without any congressional authorization" and could "set off a potential massive regional war.”
What is the assasination of a general?
In 2020, there were 495,941 employees in this non-military agency - one of the federal government's largest. Unlike many agencies, this one is explicitly authorized by the Constitution.
What is the Post Office?
Presidents FDR and George W. Bush received near unanimous approval to conduct war against Japan and Afghanistan, respectively, thanks to the "declare war" clause in this article and section of the Constitution.
What is Article I, Section 8?
The Infrastructure Bill of 2021 passed the House and the Senate 69–30. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 passed the Senate by simple majority 51 - 50 because of this Senate rule.
What is budget reconciliation, or a law about the budget?
Fill in the blank, stated in 1990: "When I, as a BLANK, have more of an impact on the election than the voters, the system is out of whack."
What is a mapmaker, or drawer of districts?
This 1973 law was passed to insure "that the collective judgment of both the Congress and the President will apply to the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities," according to the Nixon Presidential Center.
What is the War Powers Resolution, or Act?
For civil servants, instead of who you know, it's what you know according to this Act of 1883, signed by Vermont's other President, Chester Arthur.
What is the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act? (Pendleton Act)
Much of the power of the Office of the Presidency is based on this clause included in the first sentence of Article II, Section 1.
What is the vesting clause?
"The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States."
In Federalist 70, Hamilton wrote that these four words (including prepositions) are "essential to the protection of the community against foreign attacks; it is not less essential to the steady administration of the law, to the protection of property against those irregular and high-handed combinations which sometimes interrupt the ordinary course of justice."
What is "energy in the executive"?
In Shaw v Reno (1993), the Supreme Court determined that if a district is "so bizarre on its face that it is 'unexplainable on grounds other than race,' then it is unconstitutional. A 1964 case, Wesberry v. Sanders, determined that population gerrymandering was unconstitutionl. However, in Rucho v. Common Cause (2019), SCOTUS decided that this form of gerrymandering is constitutional.
What is political gerrymandering?
One of the most successful U.S. generals in American history, this president warned of the growing military bureaucracy following World War II and the Korean War. In his farewell address, he said, "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military–industrial complex."
Who is Eisenhower?
In 2022, Congress authorized this department to spend $2.7 trillion - 24% of the federal budget - among its 13 sub agencies.
What is the Department of Health and Human Services? (or the Department of Health)