Diabetes
Explain the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Type 1- Body does not produce insulin
Type 2- Body doesn't know what to do with insulin
A patient has a fasting blood glucose level of 115 mg/dL. What can you infer from these results?
The patient most likely does not have diabetes because this level is within normal range.
What is leptin?
A hormone that regulates the amount of adipose tissue
Iodine does what in relation to the thyroid? Therefore, who should limit their iodine intake?
People with hyperthyroidism should limit their iodine intake.
Name the manifestations of Cushing's Syndrome
Moon face, high blood pressure, buffalo hump, purple striae, easy bruising, thin arms and legs
Hemoglobin A1c is used to measure blood glucose levels over previous __ to __ months.
Hemoglobin A1c is used to measure blood glucose levels over previous 1 to 3 months.
A patient is given Humalog (rapid-acting) insulin at 0800. At what time would you expect this medication to begin taking effect?
Approximately at 0815.
Name some risk factors associated with obesity.
Eating more calories than use, lack of physical activity, genetics, use of certain medications, oversized food portions, limited access to healthy food, lack of safe places for physical activity
One of your patients is showing symptoms of hypothermia, hypotension, bradycardia, slow deep tendon reflexed and lethargy. What do you suspect is happening?
Myxedema coma
What electrolytes are skewed in Cushing's.
High sodium, low potassium
A patient in the nursing home has hypoglycemia at night with a large rise in the morning. This is an example of what?
Somogyi phenomenon
You are a nurse getting report and notice that your patient has been given their insulin shot in the left lower abdomen for their last 2 doses. What is wrong with this?
Sites should be rotated to prevent lipohypertrophy
Name the symptoms of metabolic syndrome.
Increased waist circumference, hypertension, high blood triglycerides, high blood glucose, low HDL cholesterol
What kind of medication would you expect someone with hyperthyroidism to be on to manage the cardiovascular effects of this diagnosis?
Beta-blocker
A patient on your unit has very LOW blood pressure, LOW blood sugar, HIGH potassium. What do you suspect they have? How are you going to treat it?
Addisonian crisis
Corticosteroid injection, large volumes of IV saline with dextrose
A patient in DKA presents with a blood glucose of <250. How will they most likely be treated?
Dextrose
Explain sick day management.
Check blood glucose every 2 to 3 hours, ALWAYS take your insulin, drink lots of fluids, check urine or blood for ketones once every 4 hours
A patient who is 1 month post op gastric bypass surgery. This patient is experiencing N/V, abdominal cramping, weakness, diaphoresis and dizziness 15-30 minutes after eating. What do you suspect they have?
Dumping syndrome
What is the first thing that you should be assessing after a patient has had surgery on their thyroid? What electrolyte should you be checking and why?
You should assess their airway.
Check calcium levels.
Cortisol is the _____ hormone.
Cortisol is the stress hormone.
A patient is diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy. The first indication of this is what?
Albuminuria
Increase carbohydrates, reduce your insulin or both to maintain blood glucose levels during exercise. Nocturnal hypoglycemia may occur 6 to 15 hours after or up to 48 hours after
What are the 3 different approaches to treating obesity?
1. Changing eating/exercise habits
2. Using meds when that fails
3. Considering bariatric surgery when the above don't work
What education should you provide to a patient who has just been prescribed Levothyroxine?
Take on an empty stomach generally before breakfast
Name the manifestations of Addisons disease.
Hyperpigmentation, hypoglycemia, fatigue, weight loss, N/V/D, craving salty foods, Postural hypotension