Cell Types and Basics
True or False: Bacteria are eukaryotic cells
False
Our cell membrane only lets certain substances in or out. What is this property called?
Selectively Permeable
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down harmful substances?
Lysosome
In which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate?
When there is the same concentration of water outside and inside the cell, what is the solution called?
Isotonic
A cell that has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic Cell
Moving from low to high concentration requires energy. What is this process called?
Active Transport
Which organelles breaks down food into usable energy for the cell?
Describe what happens during metaphase. Use chromosome in your answer.
The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
Where will water travel in a hypotonic solution?
Into the cell
What is the definition of tissue?
A group of cells working together to perform a specific function.
What is osmosis? Use semipermeable in your answer.
The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Which organelle packages and modifies proteins?
Golgi Apparatus
Which of the following phases are NOT a part of mitosis?
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Interphase
If you place a freshwater fish into saltwater, what will happen to its cells? Explain using osmotic solutions
The salt water is a hypertonic solution, so the water will move out of the cells of the fish, causing them to shrink
What are stem cells?
Undifferentiated cells
Give one example of passive transport and one example of active transport, naming how each moves molecules relative to concentration gradients.
Diffusion, Osmosis, and Facilitated Diffusion are passive and move molecules down the concentration gradient (high to low)
Endocytosis, Exocytosis, and Molecular Pumps are active and move molecules up the concentration gradient (low to high)
Describe two differences between the smooth and rough ER.
The rough ER is the site of protein synthesis and the smooth ER is the site of lipid synthesis.
In this phase of mitosis, the nuclear membrane reforms and cytokinesis is triggered.
Telophase
This type of water is not safe to drink because it is a hypotonic solution, which could cause your cells to swell and burst.
Distilled Water
Why is unregulated cell division dangerous?
What disease can result from this?
It takes resources away from healthy cells.
Cancer can be the result.
Give two examples of molecules that would be transported using facilitated diffusion.
Large molecules (like carbohydrates) and polar molecules (like calcium)
Describe 2 differences between chloroplasts and mitochondria
Mitochondria convert food into energy, while chloroplasts convert sunlight into energy.
Chloroplasts are found in only plant cells, while mitochondria are found in both animal and plant cells.
Name a factor that could increase your risk of uncontrolled cell division?
What is this disease called?
Viruses, genetic factors, carcinogens, and lifestyle choices.
Cancer.
Predict what would happen to a plant cell when placed in a hypertonic solution. Describe what would happen to the central vacuole.
It would shrink, because the water would move to the outside of the cell.