Diabetes
80-120
This term describes a decreased level of consciousness where the patient appears drowsy but can be aroused with stimulation.
What is lethargy or somnolence?
This assessment finding describes pain that worsens when the abdomen is pressed and then suddenly released.
What is rebound tenderness?
What are three classic physical exam findings for hypoglycemia?
Diaphoresis, tremors, tachycardia.
Position of comfort for patients with abdominal emergencies.
Supine with knees flexed.
This triggers the release of insulin and leads to the following effect.
Hyperglycemia and increased cellular uptake of glucose.
Period of confusion after a seizure.
Post-ictal state.
3 potential causes for LLQ pain.
Constipation, diverticulitis, peritonitis, etc...
The 3 P's of diabetes.
Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia.
Contraindications for oral glucose.
Inability to swallow or unconsciousness with risk of aspiration
The 'U' in AEIOU-TIPS and what generally causes it.
Uremia; ESRD
This life-threatening condition presents with severe abdominal pain radiating to the back, and is caused by an enlargement of the main artery in the abdomen.
What is abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
Signs/symptoms concerning for stroke.
Facial droop, arm drift, slurred speech, etc...
Management for patient with seizures.
Airway management, oxygenation, rapid transport.
Time seizures.
This triggers the release of glucagon and leads to the following effect.
Hypoglycemia and glycogenolysis.
This condition presents with altered mental status, fixed and dilated pupils, and typically occurs from traumatic brain injury or increased intracranial pressure.
What is herniation syndrome (or brain herniation)?
Condition that must be considered for young-middle aged females with severe lower abdominal pain.
Ectopic pregnancy
These are examples of life threatening causes of syncope.
Cardiac abnormality, rupture, arrythmia, PE, SAH
Treatment for a hypoglycemic patient who is unconscious.
IV dextrose or IM glucagon.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by this whereas type 2 diabetes is characterized by this.
Type 1: autoimmune disease, pancreas does not secrete insulin.
Type 2: insulin resistance
This electrolyte imbalance would cause AMS and cerebral edema.
Hyponatremia
Two clinical signs for appendicitis on physical exam AND the name of the location where a patient will feel tenderness with palpation.
Markle's sign and Obturator's sign. McBurney's Point.
Two clinical signs associated with intra-abdominal bleeding.
Cullen's and Grey-Turner's Sign.
Management for DKA.
Supportive care and assist with IV fluids.