Blood 1
Blood 2
Cardiovascular 1
Cardiovascular 2
Circulatory
100
What is the difference between a thrombus and embolus?
What is Thrombus is a large clot that blocks blood flow, embolus is a piece of the thrombus that breaks off clot and flows through the blood and obstructs smaller blood vessels.
100
What are 4 things that we can find in blood plasma?
What is hormones, nutrients, water, waste, gases (02/C02), electrolytes, proteins
100
True or false: During Isovolumetric contraction, the ventricles are contracting with blood being pushed into the Aorta
What is false
100
Name the three primary components of an EKG and what electrical events are happening at each one
What is P-wave (atrial depolarization) QRS complex (ventricular depolarization) T wave (ventricular repolarization)
100
What type of SNS receptors are located in the blood vessels at the skeletal muscles? What neurotransmitter do they respond to? Will the receptors stimulate vasodilation or vasoconstriction?
What is Beta.... epinephrine.... vasodilation
200
Once a clot has finished its job healing the blood vessel wall, the protein _________ ___________ __________ will activate _______________ to become _____________ to break up the clot.
What is Tissue Plasminogen Activator, plasminogen, plasmin
200
A patient was just in a car accident and experienced major blood loss and needs a blood donation. The patient has Type AB blood. What blood types (cells only) can this patient receive?
What is Type A, Type B, Type O, Type AB
200
Name all three layers of the heart wall
What is epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
200
These structures help with movement of ions and the electrical conduction from cardiac cell to cardiac cell
What is gap junctions
200
Name at least 3 causes of edema
What is blockage to lymphatic drainage, increased capillary permeability, decrease in plasma proteins, heart (Left ventricular) failure
300
Name all 3 functions of the circulatory system (I know this question is under the blood category, but we went over the functions during the blood chapter) and name at least one example of each function
What is transport (O2 and CO2, nutrients/wastes, hormones, stem cells)....... protection (immune response, clotting, inflammation)......... regulation (thermoregulation, acid-base balance, fluid balance)
300
When we experience hypoxic conditions in the blood, the kidneys will secrete ____________ in order to stimulate new RBC formation.
What is erythropoeitin
300
A patient's End Diastolic Volume is 130 mL and his End Systolic Volume is 60 mL. His heart rate is 80 beats per minute. Calculate his cardiac output
What is 130 - 60 = 70 mL.....70mL x 80 bpm = 5600mL/min
300
Name at least two differences between pacemaker and contractile cells (could also be about their Action Potentials)
What is pacemaker cells undergo spontaneous depolarization and contractile cells do not, pacemaker cells do not need stimulus to fire AP while contractile cells do, contractile cells have "plateau phase" in Action potential and pacemaker cells do not, Pacemaker cells have sodium leak/funny channels and contractile cells do not, contractile cells have static Resting Membrane Potential and pacemaker cells do not.
300
When Blood pressure is high, the ____________ located on the Aorta and Carotid arteries sense the high blood pressure, and send a signal to the Cardiovascular Center through the _______________ nerve. In response to this, the _________ nervous system will decrease the SA node firing and the ________ Nervous system will stimulate vaso________ of the blood vessels
What is baroreceptors, glossopharyngeal, Parasympathetic, Sympathetic, dilation
400
During the cascade reaction of the coagulant phase of hemostasis, factor X activates _______________, which then will then activate ____________ to become __________.
What is thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin
400
What are the functions of platelets?
What is block injury site (activate and stick to collagen fibers and each other), signal other platelets and WBCs, help destroy bacteria, trigger vasoconstriction
400
What is the path of electrical conduction through the heart?
What is SA node, AV node (delay), Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
400
Name at least one example of intrinsic AND extrinsic regulation of Heart Rate/Cardiac Output
What is Intrinsic (Frank Starling Law of Heart... volume of returned blood to heart affects EDV and SV) Extrinsic (Nervous system and/or hormones.... SNS and PNS)
400
TWO parts At the capillary beds, name which pressure is dominant on the arterial end and which pressure is dominant on the venous end Also, provide at least 3 examples of things exchanged in the capillary beds and 2 things that stay inside of the blood stream.
What is PART ONE: Arterial - Hydrostatic pressure... Venous - Colloid Osmotic Pressure PART TWO: gases (CO2/O2, nutrients, electrolytes, water, wastes......... plasma proteins (albumin, globulins, etc.), RBCs, WBCs
500
Name the two clotting disorders discussed in class AND the definition of each disorder
What is Hemophilia A (missing clotting factor XIII)..... Hemophilia B (missing Clotting Factor IX)
500
Name all three steps of hemostasis and explain something that happens at each step
What is vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
500
During the cardiac cycle, tell me what happens during the following scenarios (specifically valves): 1. Atrial pressure > Ventricular pressure 2. Aortic Pressure > Ventricular pressure 3. Ventricular pressure > Aortic Pressure
What is 1. AV valve OPEN 2. Semilunar/Aortic valve CLOSED 3. semilunar valve open
500
Explain what occurs during early, middle, and late Ventricular Diastole
What is Early (Passive filling of blood) Middle (SA node fires) Late (Atria contract... active filling of blood) *AV valve open during all three phases
500
Name an example of intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of blood flow in the arterioles
What is intrinsic (local vasomotion due to increased [CO2] and [H+] at tissues, histamine, other chemicals).....extrinsic (SNS - alpha and beta receptors causing vasomotion in digestive system and skeletal muscles)
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