A&P Sciences
Name all body planes and how they divide the body
Frontal/coronal - anterior/posterior
Transverse - superior/inferior
Midsagittal - left/right
Urinary bladder, ureters, part of urethra.
What type of cells contribute to skin pigment?
melanocytes
Describe the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands
Endocrine - secretes hormones directly into bloodstream.
Ex: thyroid, adrenal, liver, pancreas, gonads, stomach, pituitary and pineal glands.
Exocrine - secretes into duct to body surface/cavity.
ex: sebaceous, sudoriferous, salivary & mammary glands
examples of both: liver/pancreas
Name 5 body systems and a function of each.
muscular, skeletal, nervous, integumentary, digestive, urinary, cardiovascular, lymphatic, reproductive, endocrine, and immune
This type of cell junction anchors cells together (cell-to-cell adhesion)
desmosome
Name 5 functions of the integumentary system
Protection, prevents water loss/gain, metabolic regulation, immune function, secretion and absorption, temp regulation, sensory reception
What are the three stages of hair growth?
Anagen (active), Catagen (regression), Telogen (resting)
Describe the pericardium, peritoneum, and pleura
pleura - double membrane surrounding lungs in thoracic cavity
Pericardium - double outer membrane of heart
Peritoneum - double outer membrane outside abdominal/pelvic cavities
What are the three types of fibers in CT and their function?
collagen - provide strength, tough.
elastic - provide stretch and flexibility
reticular - branching framework
Describe a third degree burn
Damage to epi, dermis, and hypodermis
requires hospitalization/skin graft
Rule of nines to gauge severity
What is the rule for determining a mole from cancer?
ABCD Rule
Asymmetry, Borders, Color, Diameter
Name all direction terms (at least 6) using body parts
ex: the arms are ____ to the chest.
superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, proximal, distal, superficial, deep.
Name some difference between compact and spongy bone.
compact - has osteons and lamellae, very strong.
Spongy - lacks osteons, has trabeculae, houses RBM and carries out hemopoiesis. More lightweight
Name three types of glands and their type of secretion.
Sweat - apocrine/merocrine
Sebaceous(oil/sebum) - holocrine
Ceruminous (wax/cerumen) - apocrine
Mammary (milk)- apocrine
Name 10 regional terms with their respective region
some examples:
cephalic - head
cervical - neck
acromial - top of shoulder
axillary - armpit
inguinal - groin
patellar - front of knee
plantar - sole of foot
Describe positive and negative feedback and an example of each.
negative - has set point and goes in opposite direction of stimulus; temp/Ph/salt regulation
positive - same direction as stimulus until a traumatic event; blood clotting, labor contractions, and breastfeeding.
Name all three types of cartilage, their functions, and where to find each one.
Hyaline - provide support, forms fetal skeleton but can be seen in tip of nose, trachea/larynx, costal cartilage, and articular ends of bones.
Fibro - Resist compression, shock absorber; found in pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, and meniscus of knee.
Elastic - Maintain shape while performing extensive flexibility; Found in external ear and epiglottis of larynx.
Give the four steps of wound healing
1. injury to vessel
2. clot forms and WBC clean
3. Regeneration of vessel and granulation tissue forms
4. Epithelium regenerates and scar tissue forms
Name all four types of stem cells and their potency.
Embryonic:
Totipotent - gives rise to all cells including the placenta.
Pluripotent - gives rise to all cells except the placenta.
Adult:
Multipotent - can give rise to a few types of cells (extracted from bone marrow)
Unipotent - can give rise to one type of specific cell