Types of Memory
The briefest form of memory, holding raw sensory information from the environment for a very short duration
Sensory memory
A cognitive framework or mental structure that helps individuals organize and interpret information based on prior experiences. Schemas influence perception, memory, and learning by providing a structured way to process new information.
Schema
The process of encoding information based on its meaning rather than its sensory details. This deeper level of processing improves memory retention, as meaningful information is easier to recall than arbitrary details.
Semantic encoding
located in the medial temporal lobe, plays a crucial role in the formation and consolidation of new explicit (declarative) memories. It helps encode and transfer memories from short-term to long-term storage in the cortex.
hippocampus
A memory technique that involves linking new information to existing knowledge in a meaningful way
Elaborative rehearsal
the brain's system for storing information, experiences, and skills for extended periods of time, potentially for a lifetime!
Long-term memory
The tendency to recall memories that are consistent with one's current mood. For example, when feeling sad, a person is more likely to remember past sad experiences, and when happy, they recall positive events.
Mood-Congruent memory
Involves identifying previously learned information when presented with cues.
Recognition
plays a crucial role in motor coordination, balance and procedural memory.
Cerebellum
a memory technique in psychology where an individual repeats information over and over to keep it active in short-term (working) memory, but without altering its meaning or making meaningful connections to existing knowledge.
Maintenance rehearsal
the brain's temporary storage system that holds a small amount of information for a short period, typically seconds to a minute, without rehearsal
Short-term (working) memory
The phenomenon in which people tend to remember the first (primacy effect) and last (recency effect) items in a list better than those in the middle.
Serial-position effect
Requires retrieving information from memory without explicit cues
Recall
Hippos have a good memory on campus.
Hippocampus- explicit
A memory strategy that involves grouping information into larger, meaningful units to enhance recall.
Chunking
Iconic memory
A type of sensory memory that involves brief visual storage of images. It lasts for only a fraction of a second before fading unless attention is directed to it for further processing.
a type of memory loss where a person is unable to recall events that occurred before a specific point in time
retrograde amnesia
(declarative memory) involves conscious recall of facts and experiences. It includes episodic memory (personal experiences, such as your last birthday) and semantic memory (general knowledge, such as the capital of France).
Explicit memory
Sarah ballerina remembers how to dance ballet.
Cerebellum- Implicit
a memory aid or technique that helps a person recall information by associating complex or difficult-to-remember material with simpler, more familiar concepts or images
mnemonic device
Echoic memory
a type of sensory memory that stores auditory information for a brief period, typically 2-4 seconds
a type of memory loss that affects the ability to form new memories after a specific event or injury
Anterograde amnesia
(non-declarative memory) is unconscious and involves skills and conditioned responses. It includes procedural memory
Implicit memory
plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in the processing and storage of emotional memories
The amygdala
Type of memory used to remember how to ride a bike.
Implicit memory