Text Structure
The author tells events in the order they happened, using words like first, next, and finally.
What is sequence?
This system organized land, loyalty, and protection in medieval Europe.
What is feudalism?
Wars fought by European Christians to capture the Holy Land.
What were the Crusades?
A person who made goods by hand and trained apprentices.
What is a craftsman?
The three stages of becoming a knight were page, squire, and this final honor.
What is a dubbing ceremony?
The text explains how one event leads to another, using because and as a result.
What is cause and effect?
He united much of Western Europe and encouraged education.
Who is Charlemagne?
Most peasants who farmed and worked the land were called this.
What were serfs?
Monks spent much of their time copying these important books.
What are manuscripts or texts?
The Church gained political power partly because they were the only group who could do this important task.
What is read and write?
The author describes an issue with food spoiling during journeys and explains ice houses as the fix.
What is problem and solution?
This group invaded Europe after Rome fell, causing instability.
Who were the Germanic tribes or barbarians?
This deadly disease killed millions across Europe. Give both names.
What is the Black Death or bubonic plague?
Tall church windows that told Bible stories using pictures instead of words.
What are stained glass windows?
Towns grew stronger and richer when kings granted them these documents giving them self-rule.
What are charters?
A text lists characteristics and uses sensory details like “sparkling water” and “rough stones.”
What is description?
Large estates where peasants lived and worked for a lord.
What were manors?
This early castle feature protected people during attacks and was often surrounded by water.
What is a moat?
Growing towns needed these groups to protect interests of workers in the same trade.
What are guilds?
There were two branches of Christianity established during the Middle Ages when the Empire fell. Name those two branches.
What are the Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church?
Two inventions are discussed about which would work best in the auto shop to fix cars the quickest.
What is compare and contrast?
Knights followed this strict code of conduct.
What is chivalry?
Tall churches built with stained glass and pointed arches used this architectural style.
What is Gothic architecture?
Knights trained using these contests that practiced real fighting skills.
What are jousts?
The Church preserved learning during the Middle Ages by storing books in these secured rooms.
What were scriptoriums?