ECGs
What does the P wave represent?
Atrial depolarization
The bicuspid valve has 2 other names. They are…
mitral and left AV valve
The SA nodal cells set a rhythm for the heart known as…
The pacemaker potential
Define isovolumetric. During isovolumetric contraction and relaxation are all valves opened or closed?
volume does not change. closed
What is the equation for blood flow?
change in pressure/ resistance
The QRS wave represents _____ and masks ____
ventricular depolarization is shown, atrial repolarization is masked
The Lub sound represents the opening/closing of the semilunar/AV valves
closing of AV
The ______ delays the electrical signal of the heart in order to prevent back flow of blood
AV node
If pressure is lower in the ventricles than in the atrium what valves will open?
AV valves
Define end diastolic volume
volume in ventricle at the end of diastole (max amount if blood)
The ventricles are firing uncontrollably and cannot eject blood or contract. This is called ___
ventricular fibrillation
(Wiggers Diagram): Where do the AV valves open?
D
During depolarization of SA nodal cells, _____ channels open
calcium
The ventricles contract and ventricular ejection occur during this phase of the cardiac cycle
ventricular systole
What is the equation for ejection fraction?
SV/ EDV
The PQ segment is flat because it represents
the delay of the signal at the AV node
(Wiggers Diagram): Where do the SL valves open?
B
Why do APs of ventricular myocardial cells have a plateau period (i.e., what causes it)?
Calcium and potassium are released at the same time
Where would the T wave occur?
Between ventricular ejection and isovolumetric relaxation
What is the equation for cardiac output?
HR x SV
Describe a 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree heart block
1) slowing of electrical signal from SA node to AV node (long PR interval)
2) some signals from SA node don’t reach AV node (some P waves without QRS complex)
3) interruption of signal between AV node & bundles/branches/Purkinje; no correlation between atrial and ventricular firing
You use a stethoscope to listen to a patient's heart and hear turbulent flow this is known as a:
heart murmur
Order the flow of blood starting from the vena cava to the aorta
aorta, aortic valve, pulmonary valve, bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve, left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, lungs
vena cava, right atrium, bicuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, right atrium, right ventricle, arota
What stages occur during atrial diastole?
All of them besides atrial contraction
If length of a blood vessel increases, what effect will this have on resistance?
R will increase