Lipids
What are the four types of lipids?
Fats/oils, waxes, steroids, and phospholipids
What is the monomer of carbhohydrates?
Monosaccharide
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
What are the three types of passive transport?
Osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion
What is the pH of water?
7
What is the major characteristic of all lipids?
Insoluble in water!
What are the two functions of carbohydrates?
Structure/protection and energy/nutrition
Name 3 functions of proteins
Enzymes, hormones, transport, defense, contractile, structural, storage
What does isotonic mean?
Two solutions have the same amount of solute
What does high specific heat mean?
It takes lots of energy entering or exiting the system to change the temperature of water
What are the two monomers that make up a wax?
Fatty acid tail and alcohol group
What is the process of breaking down a polysaccharide into a monosaccharide called?
Hydrolysis
What must happen to an amino acid chain before it becomes a protein?
Folded 3 times into quaternary structure
What are the two characteristics of active transport?
Uses energy, moves from a low to high concentration (against the gradient)
What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
Cohesion: water is attracted to itself
Adhesion: water is attracted to other polar molecules
Name 3 of the 4 functions of lipids.
Long-term energy, insulation, plasma membrane, building block for hormones
What is our special carbohydrate ratio?
1 carbon : 2 hydrogen : 1 oxygen
What determines a protein's shape, size, and function?
The order of amino acids in the chain
Where are carrier proteins located?
Along the membrane
What type of bonds keep the 2 hydrogens and 1 water of an H20 molecule together?
Polar covalent bonds
What is a saturated fat?
A fat with a fatty acid tail that has a carbon double bond
Give an example of one of the starches we discussed in class and describe its function
Cellulose- cell wall structure
Glycogen- energy!
What is the only thing that varies between amino acids?
the "R" group
Which molecules and how many exit and enter the cell using Na+/K+ ATPase?
3 Na+ exit and 2 K+ enter
What kind of bond keeps 2 different H20 molecules together?
Hydrogen bond