PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CONCEPTS
What is FITT?
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
Name the two methods of PA assessment
❖Subjective measures
(Personal perspectives, feelings or opinions)
❖Objective measures
(Unbiased, not influenced by emotions, opinions or personal feelings)
List an example of the most common type of physical activity for each stage across the lifespan: children, youth, adults and the elderly.
Children
Youth
Adults
Elderly
Name the four components of the social-ecological model.
The four components are: individual, social environment, physical environment and policy.
Discuss some common stereotypes about physical activity and sport for each gender.
What is physical activity?
Any form of bodily movement where energy expenditure is raised above resting levels.
Identify 2 pros and cons of recall assessments
+
they are a cost-effective way of collecting large quantities of data
they are easy to administer and complete
-
an increased likelihood of lower accuracy of data due to poor recall and a lack of understanding of the survey’s requirements
social desirability bias, when respondents exaggerate their physical activity levels and underestimate their level of sedentary behaviour
Parents are an important influence on the activity patterns of their children during childhood and adolescence. Explain why.
Parents provide financial and transportation access to sport and physical activity. Their role modelling and interest can also serve as a positive influence.
Discuss the link between an individual’s socioeconomic status and their level of physical activity and sedentary behaviour.
There is a clear link between the socioeconomic status (SES) of an individual and their likely level of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Commonly, the higher the SES, the higher the level of physical activity and the lower the level of sedentary behaviour.
Outline how policies can help break down gender stereotypes.
Domains of Physical Activity
(where and how physical activity takes place)
Leisure-time
Household/gardening
Occupational
Active transport
Identify 2 pros and cons of pedometers
+ They are a cheap tool (can be purchased from as little as a few dollars).
+ There are a range of types with different functions including steps taken, distance covered and energy expended.
- The limited dimensions that they can record; there is no scope to measure intensity and context.
- They have no capacity to record upper body movement, nor can they measure swimming, cycling or gymnasium activity.
Outline three barriers and three enablers for physical activity, specific to older adults.
Enablers
You join a new company as an employee and notice that many of your colleagues are engaging in unhealthy behaviour, such as sitting down most of the day and driving to and from work. List the benefits your employer may gain if people are more active and less sedentary.
The benefits for individuals include physical, social and emotional benefits. This will lead to reduced absenteeism and potentially far greater productivity by employees and therefore greater profit. Staff are also likely to be happier at work, engage in healthy relationships and promote a happier and more content work environment.
Identify two simple practical strategies that would help organisations be more inclusive of people from different cultures.
Strategies that organisations might use to be more inclusive include the use of posters in change rooms showing sporting role models from a range of cultural groups and the modification of uniform policies.
Guidelines 13-17 year olds
Physical activity recommendations:
At least 1 hour of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity every day.
Include a variety of aerobic activities, including some vigorous intensity activity.
On at least 3 days a week, engage in activities to strengthen muscle and bone.
Sedentary behaviour recommendations:
Limit use of electronic media for entertainment to no more than 2 hours a day
Break up long periods of sitting as often as possible
List a reason why assessment of physical activity and sedentary behaviour at the individual level is necessary.
Some benefits of assessing an individual’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour include:
Outline how technology can be seen as a barrier and an enabler for physical activity.
You are a principal of a primary school. Use the social-ecological model to describe two strategies per layer of the model that will reduce levels of sedentary behaviour in the classroom.
Examples of strategies per layer of the model are:
Individual
Education about the negative impact of being sedentary
Setting individual movement goals for students (e.g. achieving a certain amount of steps per day)
Social environment
Using peers to encourage others to move around the classroom
Teachers role modelling not being sedentary in class
Physical environment
Removing chairs from the room
Conducting classes outside where space is available to move safely and freely
Policy
Allowing teachers to take their students outside
Allowing the wearing of runners in class
List five sociocultural enablers of movement for culturally diverse groups.
Sociocultural enablers of movement would include:
Identify and explain 2 health risks associated with physical inactivity.
Hypokinetic conditions
●Type 2 Diabetes
●Obesity
●Hypertension
●High cholesterol levels
What is Mr Whybrow's personal best Beep Test score. (Hint - It was in his second year of University)
12.3
Discuss the link between physical environment interventions and physical activity. Provide an example at your school of such a relationship.
There is a strong link between activity and physical environment interventions; in fact they are often the most significant thing to have in place in order to change people’s level of physical activity. A common example at school would be the provision of safe playing areas.
You are a principal of a primary school. Use the social-ecological model to describe two strategies for each layer of the model that will promote greater levels of moderate to vigorous exercise at the school.
Examples of strategies per layer of the model are:
Individual
Education about the benefits of being active
Providing sports equipment students want to use
Social environment
Encouragement from teachers to be active at play time
Using local health services to spread the message that physical activity is healthy
Physical environment
Safe playing fields available
Provision of bike racks to enable bike riders to store their bikes during the school day
Policy
Mandating physical activity time
Allowing students to use the ovals at break time
List common barriers to active transport for children and briefly discuss how these have changed over time.