Where the People Are
People tend to cluster near these physical features, such as rivers and coastlines.
What are water bodies?
Total population divided by total land area gives this density.
What is arithmetic density?
A densely populated city must invest more in hospitals and clinics. This is an example of this type of effect.
What is a social effect?
A population pyramid with a wide base indicates this trend.
What is high birth rate?
Births minus deaths gives this measure.
What is rate of natural increase?
High birth rates and high death rates describe this stage.
What is Stage 1?
Malthus believed population grows faster than this.
What is food production?
A policy encouraging families to have more children is called this.
What is pronatalist?
Increased access to education for women usually leads to this fertility trend.
What is lower fertility?
A country with many elderly people has a high value for this ratio.
What is the dependency ratio?
War and violence are examples of these migration factors.
What are push factors?
Movement within a country is this type of migration.
What is internal migration?
A country’s population is concentrated in cities because of jobs and services. This is an example of this type of factor.
What are human factors?
The number of people per unit of arable land is this density.
What is physiological density?
A sparsely populated rural area may struggle to maintain roads and utilities due to this economic challenge.
What is high cost of service provision?
A country with more males than females in working ages may be experiencing this migration pattern.
What is guest‑worker migration?
A country with high fertility and declining mortality is likely in this DTM stage.
What is Stage 2?
Industrialization typically causes death rates to fall due to improvements in this.
What is health care?
Critics argue that this innovation has increased food supply beyond Malthus’s expectations.
What is agricultural technology?
China’s One‑Child Policy was this type of policy.
What is antinatalist?
Women entering the workforce often delay this life event.
What is childbirth?
Low birth rates and high life expectancy lead to this demographic trend
What is population aging?
Job opportunities and safety are examples of these.
What are pull factors?
Refugees fleeing conflict are experiencing this type of migration
What is forced migration?
A map showing population clusters differently at the global vs. national level demonstrates this concept.
What is scale of analysis?
Farmers per unit of arable land is this density.
What is agricultural density?
Overuse of water in a densely populated region is an example of this environmental concept.
What is carrying capacity?
A top‑heavy population pyramid suggests this demographic issue.
What is an aging population?
A country with low birth and death rates is in this stage.
What is Stage 4?
A country with declining birth rates but still low death rates is in this stage.
What is Stage 3?
Neo‑Malthusians worry about shortages of these modern resources.
What are energy and water?
A country offering cash bonuses for births is using this strategy.
What is a pronatalist incentive?
Access to contraception directly reduces this demographic measure.
What is fertility rate?
An aging population increases government spending on this service.
What is health care?
A migrant who stops in a city along the way because of a job offer is experiencing this.
What is an intervening opportunity?
A worker who moves seasonally with livestock is practicing this.
What is transhumance?
The Himalayas limit population settlement in Nepal. This is an example of this physical factor.
What are landforms?
A country with high physiological density but low agricultural density likely has this advantage
What is advanced farming technology?
A government adds more schools in a growing suburb. This is a result of this population factor.
What is population distribution?
A country with a large youth population must prepare for increased demand for this service.
What is education?
A country with high emigration and low fertility will likely experience this trend.
What is population decline?
Countries in Stage 5 face population decline due to this demographic factor.
What is very low fertility?
Malthus predicted famine due to this type of growth pattern.
What is exponential population growth?
A country that restricts immigration is affecting this demographic factor.
What is population composition?
Female empowerment often increases this type of migration, especially for work.
What is voluntary migration?
Countries with aging populations often face shortages in this economic area.
What is the labor force?
A drought forcing farmers to leave is this type of factor.
What is an environmental push factor?
Migrants sending money home create this economic effect
What are remittances?
A country with evenly distributed farmland but uneven population distribution is showing this geographic pattern.
What is population concentration?
Comparing physiological and arithmetic density helps geographers understand this pressure on the land.
What is carrying capacity?
A country with uneven population distribution may experience political tension because representation is based on this.
What is population density?
A population pyramid with indentations in certain age groups may reflect this historical event.
What is war or disease?
A country with a doubling time of 25 years is experiencing this type of growth.
What is rapid population growth?
The shift from infectious to chronic diseases is explained by this model.
What is the epidemiological transition?
A country with rapid population growth but limited farmland may support this Malthusian idea.
What is resource scarcity?
A country facing labor shortages may adopt this type of migration policy.
What is a guest‑worker or pro‑immigration policy?
Declining fertility due to women’s changing roles is reflected in this migration theory.
What are Ravenstein’s laws?
A country might raise this in order to respond to an aging population
What is retirement age?
Strict border controls represent this type of migration barrier.
What is an intervening obstacle?
Migration that strengthens diversity in a city is an example of this effect
What is a cultural effect?