Intelligence
This intelligence test is specifically designed for children aged 6 to 17 years.
What is the WISC-IV?
This approach defines normality based on how frequently a behaviour occurs within a population.
What is the statistical approach to normality?
This model explains psychological disorders by considering biological, psychological, and social influences together.
What is the biopsychosocial model?
This concept labels a person as "different" and separates them from others.
What is stigma?
If two psychologists assess the same client and give the same diagnosis, the diagnosis is said to have high:
What is reliability?
In the Minnesota Twin Study, the heritability coefficient of approximately 0.7 suggested that this percentage of intelligence variation could be attributed to genetic factors.
What is 70%?
These behaviours interfere with an individual's ability to function effectively in everyday life.
What are maladaptive behaviours?
This type of therapy helps individuals challenge and reframe negative thoughts, behaviours, and coping strategies.
What is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)?
This type of stigma occurs when people internalise negative beliefs and attitudes about their own psychological disorder.
What is self-stigma?
A client receives a diagnosis of Generalised Anxiety Disorder from one psychologist and Panic Disorder from another despite both using the same questionnaire. This issue with diagnosis is being demonstrated.
What is low reliability of diagnosis?
According to Sternberg's Triarchic Theory, these are the three subtheories that make up intelligence.
What are the contextual, componential, and experiential subtheories?
This classification system, developed by the World Health Organization, is used globally to diagnose psychological disorders.
What is the ICD-11?
According to the biopsychosocial model, factors such as poverty, access to health services, and a person's school or work environment fall within this category of influences.
What are social factors?
Researchers give some participants an inactive treatment instead of the real medication to determine whether the medication is effective. This is known as a:
What is the placebo effect?
In Rosenhan's study, pseudo-patients gained admission to psychiatric hospitals by reporting this symptom.
What was hearing unfamiliar voices saying words such as "thud" and "empty"?
A child adopted into a high socioeconomic family later achieves a much higher IQ score. This case is often used to demonstrate how this factor can influence where a person falls within their genetically determined reaction range.
What is the environment (or nurture)?
A person reports hearing voices that are not there and strongly believes they are being monitored by secret agents.
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
A student avoids attending school because crowded hallways trigger excessive sweating, dizziness, and shortness of breath. This example demonstrates how anxiety can activate this survival response.
What is the fight-flight-freeze response?
This biological treatment uses controlled electrical stimulation of the brain to relieve symptoms of serious mental health disorders.
What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)?
A psychologist relies entirely on a client's self-reported symptoms when making a diagnosis. Because these symptoms cannot be objectively verified, this aspect of diagnosis may be reduced.
What is the validity of diagnosis?
Identical twins reared apart showed an intelligence score correlation of 0.69, while identical twins reared together showed a correlation of 0.88. These findings provide strong evidence for the influence of this factor on intelligence.
What is heredity?
A psychologist diagnoses a client with both depression and anxiety because many of their symptoms overlap. This phenomenon can reduce diagnostic reliability and increase the risk of overdiagnosis.
What is comorbidity?
This type of risk factor does not necessarily cause a psychological disorder initially but contributes to it continuing or worsening over time. Social isolation and maladaptive coping strategies are common examples.
What is a perpetuating risk factor?
A psychologist helps a client identify irrational beliefs about failure, challenge the evidence for those beliefs, and replace them with more balanced thoughts.
What is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)?
This ethical issue in Rosenhan's study arose because participants may not have realised how difficult it would be to leave the psychiatric hospitals once admitted
What is the right to withdraw?