Visual Perception
Electrochemical messages go to the occipital nerve via the ....
Optic nerve
The difference between prejudice and discrimination is ...
Prejudice is an attitude
Discrimination is an action
Behaviour in psychology is ...
Any action we can observe and record
The taste we experience is influenced by 'perceptual set'. Explain what this means.
We often taste what we expect to taste. We have an expectation of what a food 'should look'.
Past experience determines our expectations of how something should taste. E.g. changing the colour will influence taste perception (green pancakes)
A hypothesis contains key elements, these are...
Population, IV, DV and Direction
The difference between sensation and perception is....
Sensation - detecting a change in the environment via sensory receptors in the sense organs. It is a PHYSIOLOGICAL response.
Perception - making sense of the sensation/interpreting it
What are the three components of the tri-component model of attitudes?
Affective
Behavioural
Cognitive
ABC model
Helping someone when you know they will help you at some point in the future demonstrates which helping behaviour?
The reciprocity norm
What are the four categories that influence each persons taste perception?
1. Age
2. Genetics
3. Perceptual Set
4. Culture
The variable that is manipulated is the _________
The variable that is measured is the _________
Independent
Dependent
Describe the entire process of perception
RTTSOI - explained each step
Reception
Transmission
Transduction
Selection
Organisation
Interpretation
Describe factors (4) that influence attitude formation
Classical conditioning
Social learning
Repeated exposure
Operant conditioning
List all the six different types of power listing an example for each
Expert power
Referent power
Reward power
Coercive power
Legitimate power
Informational power
Name the five basic tastes
Sweet
Salty
Umami
Sour
Bitter
List the participants ethical rights
VIPWDD
Using an example (listing which perception principle/cue is being tricked), define optical illusion ...
A visual stimuli that is perceived by the eyes and the comprehended/interpreted in a way that is different from reality. E.g. Size constancy - Ames room, Muller-lyer illusion etc.
Using an example, describe the positive and negative influences of media on behaviour
Must mention:
Tv
Video games
Social media
Advertising
Distinguish between personal and situational factors affecting prosocial behaviour
Personal factors mentioning - Mood, Competence/Skill and Empathy/Altruism
Situational factors mentioning one of the following; Noticing the situation, Interpreting the situation, Taking responsibility for helping
Using an example, explain what Synaesthesia is...
An involuntary perceptual experience in which simulation of one sense triggers/produces an unusual response in others.
E.g. tasting words, hearing colours, seeing sounds
Describe and give an example of the three different types of participant sampling methods
Random sampling
Stratified sampling
Convenience sampling
WITH EXPLANATIONS AND EXAMPLES
Explain the difference between Monocular and Binocular depth cues listing the factors/pictorial cues of each
Monocular cues provide depth information when viewing a scene with one eye. Accomodation, Pictorial cues - Interposition, Linear perspective, Relative size, Height in the visual field, Texture
Binocular cues provide information taken when viewing a scene with both the eyes. Convergence, Retinal disparity,
Discuss the factor of social loafing affecting conformity
Social Loafing is when people make less effort when involved in a group situation, than when working alone. This increases with group size.
Referring to a famous experiment, explain the factors that affect Conformity
Group size- Asch's experiment, Sound of a Bell
Explain the four step process of how we perceive taste 'from mouth to brain'
SRTP
Stimulus (molecules of food combine with saliva on tongue)
Reception (taste receptor cells in mouth)
Transduction (Molecules are converted into signals which travel to the brain via the facial nerve)
Perception (The thalamus and gustatory cortex process the perception of taste e.g. sweet)
List an explain the three types of experimental designs
Repeated measures - each participant is involved in both exp and control groups
Independent groups - each participant is randomly allocated and is only in one group (exp or control)
Matched participants - each participant 'matches' a participant in the other group