Historical Thinking & Plans for Reconstruction
A journal entry written by a Civil War soldier or a photograph of the 1868 Congress are examples of what type of source?
What is a primary source?
This Reconstruction Amendment officially abolished slavery across the United States.
What is the 13th Amendment?
These laws were passed by Southern states immediately after the Civil War to severely restrict the freedoms and labor options of African Americans.
What are Black Codes?
State and local laws passed across the South that enforced mandatory racial segregation in public places and disenfranchised Black citizens.
What are Jim Crow laws?
A derogatory term used by white Southerners to describe white Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War.
What is a carpetbagger?
This is the process of telling the most important parts of a text in your own words, usually in a much shorter way.
What is summarizing?
This federal agency was created in 1865 to assist freed people by distributing food and medical supplies and building thousands of schools.
What is the Freedmen’s Bureau?
An economic system in which landowners provided housing, seeds, and tools in exchange for a share of the crop, often trapping farmers in a cycle of debt.
What is sharecropping?
This deal awarded the disputed 1876 presidential election to Republican Rutherford B. Hayes in exchange for removing all remaining federal troops from the South.
What is the Compromise of 1877?
A derogatory term for white Southerners who supported the Republican Party and Reconstruction policies.
What is a scalawag?
Proposed by Radical Republicans, this bill required 50% of a Southern state's voters to swear an oath of loyalty to the Union before re-entering.
What is the Wade-Davis Bill?
Passed in 1868, this amendment guaranteed birthright citizenship and equal protection under the law for all citizens.
What is the 14th Amendment?
While segregation means separating people by race, this term means combining races in public spaces and institutions, such as schools.
What is integration?
Southern states bypassed the 15th Amendment by using these three specific tools to prevent Black citizens from voting.
What are poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses?
This President angered Radical Republicans by offering pardons to ex-Confederates and vetoing major civil rights bills like the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
Who is Andrew Johnson?
Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction required this percentage of voters in a Southern state to take an oath of loyalty to the Union.
What is 10%?
This 1867 law divided ten Southern states into five military districts to oversee Reconstruction and enforce civil rights.
What is the Military Reconstruction Act?
Congress passed these acts in 1870 and 1871 to make it a federal crime to interfere with a citizen's right to vote, targeting white supremacist violence.
What are the Enforcement Acts?
Born into slavery, this leader founded the Tuskegee Institute and argued that Black Americans should focus on vocational education and economic independence rather than fighting segregation directly.
Who is Booker T. Washington?
This white supremacist organization formed during Reconstruction and used violence, such as burning homes and churches, to intimidate Black voters and Republican politicians in the South.
What is the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?
A modern documentary with historian commentary are classified as this type of source.
What is a secondary source?
This Reconstruction Amendment granted voting rights to all African American men.
What is the 15th Amendment?
These Southern Democratic leaders aimed to "redeem" or take back control of Southern state governments from Northern Republican influence.
Who are the Redeemers?
The first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard, he rejected Washington’s approach and demanded immediate civil and voting rights for African Americans.
Who is W.E.B. Du Bois?
This prominent African American journalist used her newspaper to expose the brutal truths of lynching in the South.
Who is Ida B. Wells?