Historical Figures
Abe Lincoln
Ratified February 3, 1870, it granted African American men the right to vote.
The Fifteenth Amendment
The practice of requiring separate housing, education and other services for people of color.
Segregation
A period in American history following the American Civil War; it lasted from 1865 to 1877 and marked a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States.
Reconstruction
The 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
Andrew Johnson
A collection of state and local laws that legalized racial segregation.
Jim Crow Laws
A system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop.
Sharecropping
Ms. Billetdeaux lives in this city.
Pittsburgh
A dominant leader in the African-American community and of the contemporary black elite. He believed in African American education and working hard in order to receive Southern respect.
Booker T. Washington
Ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including former enslaved people—and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws.”
The Fourteenth Amendment
Citizens in some states had to pay a fee to vote in a national election.
Poll Tax
The next unit we are going to cover in this class. This was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840.
The Industrial Revolution
An activist who was the most important black protest leader in the United States during the first half of the 20th century. He believed African Americans should not have to earn their rights, they should naturally be given.
WEB Du Bois
A case in which the Court held that the creation of a Louisiana slaughterhouse monopoly did not violate the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments.
The Slaughterhouse Cases
The Southern wing of the Democratic Party. They sought to regain their political power and enforce white supremacy.
Redeemers
This was Ms. Billetdeaux's favorite band member of One Direction.
Harry Styles
An investigative journalist, educator, and early leader in the civil rights movement. She used her newspaper to call out violence against African Americans.
Ida B. Wells
A case in which the Court held that state-mandated segregation laws did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. "Separate but equal"
A legal mechanism passed by seven Southern states during Reconstruction to prevent African Americans from voting. It meant that those who did not have the right to vote prior to 1867, or their lineal descendants, were not able to vote today.
Grandfather Clause
Ms. Billetdeaux gets Starbucks coffee everyday before school. This is her coffee order.
Black iced coffee