Biodiversity
Services &
Disruptions
Disruptions
Succession
Island
Biogeography
Biogeography
Types of Species
100
In a certain ecosystem, a honeybee's role is to pollinate flowers. This is also known as the honeybee's ________.
Niche
100
True or False:
"Photosynthesizing plants providing the oxygen we breathe is an example of an economic service."
False.
This is considered more of an ecological service, as economic services better apply to business and money.
100
Lichens and mosses are typically the first organisms to grow in an area during Primary Succession. This makes them examples of _________ Species.
Pioneer Species
100
_________ rates indicate species arriving on an island. _________ rates indicate species leaving an island.
Immigration; emigration
100
Which of the following is not a common pioneer species?
a. Grass
b. Oak trees
c. Ferns
d. Moss
b. Oak trees
200
Compared to the left community, does the right community have a higher richness or evenness?
Richness. Both communities have even representation amongst their species, but the right community has more types of species.
200
Which is more likely to provide a direct benefit to humans: a regulating service or a provisioning service?
A provisioning service.
200
Following a volcanic eruption, an island is formed in the Pacific Ocean. What type of succession needs to occur to increase biodiversity?
Primary succession.
200
According to the Theory of Island Biogeography, islands that are ________ and __________ to the mainland are more likely to have a higher biodiversity.
larger; closer
200
Lichens are very sensitive to air pollution. Their presence indicates clear air, making them an example of a(n) _________ species.
Indicator species
300
Biodiversity is built on the concepts of:
________ variety
________ variety, &
________ variety.
Genetic variety,
Species variety, &
Habitat variety
300
Which of the following could be a possible result of forest fires?
a. Decreased air pollution
b. Soil enrichment
c. Primary Succession
d. Decreased erosion
b. Soil enrichment.
Fires can return the nutrients found in ash back into the soils and are considered vital parts of many ecosystems' natural cycles.
300
The process of succession affects all of the following except...
a. biodiversity
b. primary productivity
c. photosynthesis
d. richness
c. photosynthesis
300
Why are larger islands more likely to have a higher biodiversity than smaller islands?
Larger islands have more resources, so they have less competition.
300
Sea otters control the population of urchins in an ecosystem. Without them, the urchins would overconsume the native kelp, collapsing the food chain. Sea otters are examples of _________ species.
Keystone species.
400
Pandas fill a very specific niche, and thus react poorly to ecological stress. This implies that they have a very ______ range of tolerance.
Narrow
400
An extinction of honeybees in an area may lead to a decrease in pollination. Pollination is an ecological example of a(n) ________ service.
Regulating Service.
400
True or false:
Ecological succession affects the richness of the soil.
True.
400
Which island would have a higher biodiversity? Island A or Island E?
Island A.
Despite them being the same distance from the mainland, Island A is larger.
400
True or false:
"Invasive species disrupt ecosystems when they are intentionally introduced to an area where they can outcompete native species."
False.
Many invasive species are accidentally introduced into new areas.
500
Based on both the Shannon Index and richness, which of the following would BEST represent a tropical rainforest ecosystem?
a. H = 114, S = 4.46
b. H = 4.46, S = 0.998
c. H = 0.998, S = 4.46
d. H = 4.46, S = 114
d. H = 4.46, S = 114
Rainforests typically have both a higher biodiversity (H) and richness (S).
500
True or false:
"An ecosystem is disrupted only when there is a sudden change to the ecology or habitat, forcing existing species to quickly adapt to new conditions."
False.
Disruptions do not have to be sudden. Some disruptions, like global climate change, are gradual and change ecosystems over a longer period of time.
500
As the process of succession continues closer to a climax community, what is most likely going to happen to the biomass of pioneer species?
They will decrease, usually having been out-competed by larger, more complex species.
500
Which of the following is not an example of a habitat island and a habitat mainland?
a. A lake surrounded by dry grassland.
b. Highways fragmenting a parts of a large forest into smaller forests.
c. A high flood waters separating two areas of prairie.
d. A literal island close to the shores of a continent.
a. A lake surrounded by dry grassland.
While a good example of a habitat island, there is no mainland in this example.
500
Invasive species usually outcompete and eliminate native species, primarily due to their lack of natural __________.
Predators.