The Protestants
According to Martin Luther, the highest authority for the Christian faith rests with...
Who is Jesus
This was the strongest European nation loyal to the Catholic Church.
What is Spain
King Phillip II failed to invade this country in 1588, preventing him from reuniting western Europe under Catholicism.
What is England.
This colony established in 1607 represented the first successful English colony in North America
What is Jamestown
This Chinese ethnic group overthrew the Ming dynasty in 1644, establishing the Qing dynasty.
Who are the Manchu
Martin Luther opposed the sale of _____by the Catholic Church, which were said to offer forgiveness for one's sins.
What are indulgences.
This catholic dynasty ruled over both Spain and the Holy Roman Empire at one time.
Who are the Habsburgs
This nation considered itself the international defender of Catholicism.
What is Spain.
This was the primary resource brought back to Spain from the New World. 85% of the world's supply being taken from Mexico and Peru
What is silver.
The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds.
What is the Columbian exchange.
This Protestant leader supported the idea of "predestination" and believed that faith should rule every aspect of life.
Who is John Calvin.
The Holy Roman Emperor who oversaw the Diet of Worms, attempting to halt the spread of Martin Luther's work.
Who is Charles V.
King Henry IV of Navarre converted to this religion to maintain peace within France. Ending the persecution of the French Huguenots with the Edict of Nantes.
What is Catholicism.
This country was the first to begin European exploration and control of overseas territory.
What is Portugal.
The Ottomans were defeated in 1529 and 1683 after laying siege to this city and nation. This represented the peak of Ottoman expansion.
What is Vienna, Austria
These Protestants were persecuted following the English Civil War after imposing a dictatorial government under Oliver Cromwell.
Who are the Puritans.
This council met to correct abuses within the Catholic Church. Headed by Pope Paul III marking the peak of the Catholic Counter Reformation
What is the Council of Trent.
Charles the V supported this settlement which allowed German princes to choose between Catholicism or Protestantism.
What is the Peace of Augsburg.
System of governance where the Spanish crown allowed conquerors to forcibly employ indigenous peoples.
What is the Encomienda System.
China and the Ottomans became dependent on _____ during the mid to late 1600's.
What is European Trade/Manufacturing
Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic church while trying to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. He then established and became the head of the ______
What is the Anglican Church
The eldest daughter of Henry VIII who married Phillip II of Spain and attempted to bring England back to Catholicism...Executing hundreds of protestants.
Who is Queen Mary I "Bloody Mary"
This treaty ended the Thirty Years War in 1648, which resulted in the loss of Habsburg lands to France, The decline of Spanish dominance in Continental Europe, and the loss of over 1/3 of the German population.
What is the Peace of Westphalia
The Spanish and Portuguese were the first nations to bring African slaves to the New World establishing the _________ system. The main crop harvested in the Portuguese and Spanish colonies at this time was ____
What is the Triangular Trade and Sugar
The Ottoman navy was soundly defeated in 1570 at the battle of _____ resulting in Spanish dominance over the Mediterranean. Later in 1588 England defeated the ____ _____ ending Spain's short lived naval dominance.
What is Lepanto and the Spanish Armada.