Congress
What is a filibuster?
Policy directives issued by presidents that do not require congressional approval.
What are executive orders?
In this essay, Alexander Hamilton argued that the federal judiciary would be unlikely to infringe upon rights and liberties but would serve as a check on the other two branches.
What is Federalist #78?
There are approximately ____ million civilian employees working in the federal bureaucracy.
3 million
Efforts by Congress to ensure that executive branch agencies, bureaus, and cabinet departments are acting legally and in accordance with congressional goals.
What is oversight?
This is a law passed in 1973 that restricts the power of the president to maintain troops in combat for more than sixty days without congressional authorization.
What is the War Powers Resolution?
What is Marbury v. Madison?
Congress, interest groups, and the bureaucracy are three parts of an __________ ___________.
Congress, interest groups, and the bureaucracy
In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that race cannot be the only factor when determining a congressional district.
What is Shaw v. Reno?
In this essay Alexander Hamilton argues that an energetic single executive will protect against foreign attacks, provide for the administration of laws, and protect liberty and property.
What is Federalist #70?
According to the U.S. Constitution, the Supreme Court only has original jurisdiction in cases involving ____________ and __________________.
What is "disputes between states" and cases involving ambassadors?
This was an unofficial department created during 2025. Donald Trump tasked it with cutting government spending.
What is the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE)?
The Pendleton Act of 1883 established a _______ system in which competitive testing results, educational attainment, and other qualifications formed the basis for hiring and promotion rather than politics and personal connections.
What is a merit system?
Representation where members of Congress balance their choices with the interests of their constituents and parties in making decisions.
What is politico role?
Presidents use this to appeal to the public to pressure other branches of government.
This is a category of law covering cases involving private rights and relationships between individuals and groups.
What is Civil Law?
When the federal bureaucracy settles disputes between parties that arise over the implementation of federal laws or determines which individuals or groups are covered under a regulation or program.
bureaucratic adjudication
In the federal budget, this type of spending is required by existing laws making it "locked in" to the budget.
What is mandatory spending?
This individual is the current Senate Majority Leader.
Who is John Thune?
What is an executive agreement?
This is the practice of letting a previous legal decision stand.
What is stare decisis?
This person is the current Secretary of State.
Who is Marco Rubio?