2.1/2
The result of the evolutionary process that preserves traits that enhance the adaptation of an organism and suppresses traits that do not is called
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?
A. An increase in pupil dilation
B. An increase in respiratory rate
C. A decrease in digestion
D. A decrease in salivation
E.A decrease in heart rate
E. A decrease in heart rate
Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an
A. antagonist
B. agonist
C. inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
D. excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
E. excitatory neurotransmitter
A. antagonist
Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?
A. Computed tomography (CT)
B .Electrooculography (EOG)
C. Electroencephalography (EEG)
D. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
E. Positron emission tomography (PET
E. Positron emission tomography (PET
During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?
A. Sleep apnea
B. Narcolepsy
C. Insomnia
D. Night terrors
E. The REM rebound effect
A. Sleep apnea
The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for
A. pairs of twins reared together is greater than the correlation for pairs of twins reared apart
B.pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins
C. pairs of fraternal twins is greater than the correlation for other pairs of siblings
D. adopted children and their adoptive parents is greater than zero
B. pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins
The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine
B . Acetylcholine
C. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
D. Serotonin
B . Acetylcholine
Reuptake of a neurotransmitter refers to
A. absorption of the neurotransmitter into the dendrites of the receiving neuron
B. absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron
C. release of the neurotransmitter by the soma of the originating neuro
D. the rate at which a neurotransmitter is created for use by a neuron
E. the rate at which a neurotransmitter is broken down metabolically in the neuron
B. absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron
A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called
A. electroencephalography (EEG)
B. computed tomography (CT)
C. positron-emission tomography (PET)
D.magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
E. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
A. electroencephalography (EEG)
Sigmund Freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for
A. decreasing repression
B. sublimating the id
C.strengthening the superego
D. displacing instinctual forces
E. gaining insight into unconscious motives
E. gaining insight into unconscious motives
Joseph has blue eyes and brown hair and is tall. These characteristics are best described as
A. recessive genes
B. dominant genes
C. mutations
D. genotypic traits
E. phenotypic traits
E. phenotypic traits
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all
A. hormones excreted by the endocrine glands
B. secretions of the exocrine glands
C. drugs used in the therapeutic treatment of memory disorders
D. enzymes involved with the degradation of interneuron signals
E. neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse
E. neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse
A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?
A. Forgetfulness
B. Hearing difficulties
C. Difficulty controlling balance and coordination
D. Difficulty controlling emotions
E. Difficulty with speech production
E. Difficulty with speech production
Based on its effects on the central nervous system, alcohol can be classified as
A. a hallucinogen
B. a depressant
C. a neurotransmitter
D. an antagonist
E. an agonist
B. a depressant
Sleep paralysis typically occurs in people who are
A. over the age of 65
B.woken up while sleepwalking
C. overweight
D.snoring
E. in REM sleep
E. in REM sleep
The fight-or-flight response is most closely associated with the
A. adrenal glands
B. corpus callosum
C. somatic nervous system
D. hippocampus
E. ganglion cells
A. adrenal glands
The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as
A. the latent stage
B. the refractory period
C. the reticular formatio
D. depolarization
B. the refractory period
The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the
A. suprachiasmatic nucleus
B. cerebellum
C. limbic system
D. medulla
E. hippocampus
D. medulla
When a person is suffering from severe pain, the type of drug that will best help alleviate that pain is
A. an opiate
B. an amphetamine
C. a depressant
D. a hallucinogen
E. a stimulant
A. an opiate
Rafael has a sleep disorder for which he takes medically prescribed amphetamines. For which of the following sleep disorders is Rafael most likely being treated?
A. Sleep apnea
B. Narcolepsy
C. Insomnia
D. Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
E. Somnambulism
B. Narcolepsy
What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior?
A. Estrogen
B. Testosterone
C. Melatonin
D. Insulin
E. Leptin
B. Testosterone
During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is
A. the terminal button
B . the myelin sheath
C. a dendrite
D. the soma
E. the synaptic cleft
B . the myelin sheath
Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?
A. Aphasia
B. Increased aggression
C. A loss of vision
D. A loss of motor coordination
E. A change in personality
D. A loss of motor coordination
Which of the following terms refers to the brain’s ability to physically change over time in reaction to experiences?
A. Lateralization
B. Neuroplasticity
C. Compensation
D. Assimilation
E. Accommodation
B. Neuroplasticity
Which of the following is an explanation of why travelers suffer from jet lag?
A. They experience an increase in REM rebound.
B. There is a decrease in the duration of alpha waves in sleep.
C. They experience excess amounts of NREM sleep.
D. There is a reduction in their parasomnias.
E. There is a disruption in their circadian rhythm.
E. There is a disruption in their circadian rhythm.