Xray Production
This device intercepts the xray photons that exit the patient.
What is the IMAGE RECEPTOR?
This type of image receptor is almost obsolete, utilizes chemically processing the images taken with xrays.
What is FILM or CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY?
Tube current.
What is mAs?
The two primary ways of beam modification.
What is BEAM FILTRATION and BEAM LIMITATION (COLLIMATION)?
The visible difference in brightness levels next to each other.
What is CONTRAST?
The amount of sharpness or detail in an image.
What is SPATIAL RESOLUTION?
What is the X-RAY TUBE?
This type of image receptor utilizes photostimulable storage phosphor (PSP) plates.
What is COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY?
Tube potential.
What is kVp?
Mechanically confines the x-ray beam to the anatomy of interest.
What is COLLIMATION?
Number of shades of gray that can be stored per detector element, displayed per pixel; ranges from 8 bit to 32 bits.
What is GRAYSCALE?
Misrepresentation of an object.
What is DISTORTION?
The purpose of the filament in an x-ray tube.
What is THE COIL OF THE FILAMENT HEATS UP AND CREATES ELECTRONS WHICH ARE SHOT OUT TO THE ANODE TO CREATE XRAY PHOTONS.
This type of image receptor can use direct or indirect conversion.
What is DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY?
The results of increasing mAs.
What is the INCREASED # OF PHOTONS, IR EXPOSURE, PT DOSE/EXPOSURE, INTENSITY, RADIATION?
What are BEAM LIMITATION (NARROWING OR COLLIMATION), BEAM FILTRATION, and RADIOGRAPHIC GRIDS?
The amount of radiation the IR receives.
What is the IR EXPOSURE?
The two types of distortion.
X-ray photons that travels in a different direction when interacting with the patient, may or may not reach the IR, does not carry any useful information, nondiagnostic.
What is SCATTER RADIATION?
X-ray photons are blocked, not easily transversed through materials. Ex: bone, lead, most metals; shows up lighter/white in images—higher attenuation.
What is RADIOPAQUE?
The results of increasing kVp.
What is the INCREASE IN INTENSITY,
PENETRATING ABILITY, ENERGY OF BEAM,
SCATTER RADIATION, SUBJECT CONTRAST?
How filtration aids in beam modification.
What is ABSORBS WEAK OR LOW XRAYS WITH THE USE OF AN ATTENUATING MATERIAL, USUALLY ALUMINUM OR COPPER, BTW THE TUBE AND PATIENT?
Low/weak x-ray beams that when it hits the IR can create graininess in images
What is QUANTUM MOTTLE/NOISE?
The relationship of SID and magnification.
What is an INVERSE RELATIONSHIP or HIGHER SID = LOWER MAGNIFICATION and LOWER SID = HIGHER MAGNIFICATION?
What is FROM CATHODE(-) to ANODE(+)?
What is AIR, CO2, MOST GASSES?
The properties of the inverse square law.
What is
IF YOU DOUBLE SID, THEN YOU REDUCE INTENSITY BY 1/4
or
IF YOU REDUCE SID BY 1/2, THEN YOU QUADRUPLE THE INTENSITY?
_______ collimation = ______ scatter = _______ patient dose.
What is
HIGHER collimation = LOWER scatter = LOWER patient dose?
Function of a display monitor; changes image lightness/darkness
What is BRIGHTNESS?
What is LOWER OID and HIGHER SID?
Xray beams before it reaches the patient, strongest part of x-ray beam.
What is the PRIMARY BEAM?
The attenuation levels of radiopaque and radiolucent materials.
What is RADIOPAQUE = HIGH ATTENUATION and RADIOLUCENT = LOW ATTENUATION?
The properties of the 15% Rule.
What is
INCREASE kVp 15% = DOUBLE IR EXPOSURE
and
DECREASE kVp 15% = HALF IR EXPOSURE?
_______ filtration material = ________ patient exposure.
What is HIGHER filtration material = LOWER patient exposure?
Higher Contrast = ________ Grayscale = ______ scale
What is LOWER grayscale and SHORT scale?
What is 1%?
Thicker dense tissue = ____ atomic # = _____ attenuation. ______ IR Exposure, shows up ________ in images.
What is HIGHER ATOMIC #, HIGHER ATTENUATION, LOWER, LIGHT GRAY OR WHITE?
The change in kVp while maintaining IR Exposure.
What is INCREASE kVp 15% = HALF mAs
or DECREASE kVp 15% = DOUBLE mAs?
Scattered photons that strike IR, lowers image quality, contributing to undesirable exposure.
What is FOG?
Digital image processing parameter that changes displayed image brightness or contrast on the monitor, usually through the use of a mouse
What is WINDOW LEVEL and WINDOW WIDTH?
When the central ray angle is ___________, you get the most accurate image.
What is STRAIGHT?
The four requirements for x-ray production.
What is (1)VACUUM/TUBE ENVELOPE,
(2) SOURCE OF E-/FILAMENT,
(3) METHOD TO ACCELERATE E- RAPIDLY/VOLTAGE,
(4) METHOD TO STOP E-/TARGET?
Thin, less dense tissue = ____ atomic # = _____ attenuation. ______ IR Exposure, shows up ________ in images.
What is LOWER atomic #, LOWER attenuation, HIGHER IR Exposure, DARKER GRAY OR BLACK?
Other factors that are controlled by the RT.
What is FOCAL SPOT SIZE,
PRIMARY BEAM GEOMETRY,
AMOUNT OF SCATTER RADIATION?
Amount of attenuating material required to lower beam intensity to 1/2 original value, measured in millimeters of aluminum equivalency (mm Al/Eq).
What is the HALF-VALUE LAYER?
(1) Numeric representation of the quantity of exposure received by a digital image receptor.
(2) Range of exposures that produce a diagnostic-quality image.
What is EXPOSURE INDICATOR and EXPOSURE LATITUDE?
Most ideal placement of anatomy of interest and central ray in terms of spatial resolution.
What is ANATOMY OF INTEREST PARALLEL TO IR and CENTRAL RAY PERPENDICULAR TO IR?