Absolutism
What place was the primary symbol of Louis XIV's absolute power?
Versailles
Who was the monarch executed during the English Civil War?
King Charles I
What model of the universe did Copernicus propose?
Heliocentric
What concept did Montesquieu advocate in "The Spirit of the Laws"?
Separation of powers
What event started the Thirty Years' War?
Defenestration of Prague
What was the place that symbolized Peter the Great’s power?
St. Petersburg
Who were the two people who led the revolution that ended absolutism in England?
William and Mary
Who formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation?
Newton
Who wrote "Candide" and what is it about?
Voltaire, criticizes the idea that this is the most perfect world.
Who were three influential women in either the Scientific Revolution or Enlightenment?
Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Astell, Olympe de Gouges, Maria Merian, Maria Winkelmann, Margaret Cavendish, Catherine the Great, etc
How did Peter the Great modernize Russia?
By implementing westernization reforms, establishing a navy, beard tax, marriage reform, etc
What was the outcome of the English Civil War?
The trial and execution of Charles I, leading to the establishment of the Commonwealth, restoration of the monarchy, and then Glorious Revolution
Who discovered the circulation of blood?
William Harvey
What is the social contract theory proposed by Rousseau?
The idea that government is a contract between the ruler and the ruled, based on popular sovereignty.
Accusations of witchcraft were targeted towards _____, and confessions were attained through what?
What was Louis XIV's famous quote demonstrating his belief in absolute monarchy?
I am the state
What document limited the power of the king after the English Civil War?
The Bill of Rights 1689
Which scientist is known for the laws of planetary motion?
Kepler
What was the main idea of Hobbes' "Leviathan"?
The necessity of a strong central authority to avoid chaos and violence.
What were the stages of the Thirty Years' War, and who was the overall 'winner' of the war?
Stages: Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French
Winner: France
What impact did Louis XIV's reign have on European politics?
It set the stage for the rise of absolute monarchies and increased centralization of power.
What role did Oliver Cromwell play in the English Civil War?
He was a leader of the Parliamentary forces and later became the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth
What was Galileo's contribution to the Scientific Revolution?
He improved the telescope and made key astronomical observations supporting heliocentrism.
What was Locke’s political philosophy?
Tabula rasa, natural rights of life, liberty, and property, and social contract, etc
What country was in its "Golden Age," known for its religious tolerance and economic success, during the 17th century?
Netherlands/Dutch