Absolutism
What place was the primary symbol of Louis XIV's absolute power?
Versailles
Who was the monarch executed during the English Civil War?
King Charles I
What model of the universe did Copernicus propose?
Heliocentric
What concept did Montesquieu advocate in "The Spirit of the Laws"?
Separation of powers
What role did women play in the Enlightenment?
2 Enlightened Absolutist female leaders: Maria Theresa and Catherine II, women served as salon hostesses, etc
What was the place that symbolized Peter the Great’s power?
St. Petersburg
Who were the two people who led the revolution that ended absolutism in England?
William and Mary
Who formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation?
Newton
Who wrote "Candide" and what is it about?
Voltaire, criticizes the idea that this is the most perfect world.
Which country was partitioned by the Enlightened Absolutist leaders?
Poland
How did Peter the Great modernize Russia?
By implementing westernization reforms, establishing a navy, beard tax, marriage reform, etc
What was the outcome of the English Civil War era?
The trial and execution of Charles I, leading to the establishment of the Commonwealth, restoration of the monarchy, and then Glorious Revolution
Who discovered the circulation of blood?
William Harvey
What is the social contract theory proposed by Rousseau?
The idea that government is a contract between the ruler and the ruled, based on popular sovereignty.
Who were the three main Enlightened Despots?
Joseph II, Catherine II, Frederick II
What was Louis XIV's famous quote demonstrating his belief in absolute monarchy?
I am the state
What document limited the power of the king after the English Civil War?
The Bill of Rights 1689
Which scientist is known for the laws of planetary motion?
Kepler
What was the main idea of Hobbes' "Leviathan"?
The necessity of a strong central authority to avoid chaos and violence.
Joseph II can be considered the ___ ____, _____ ____ Enlightened Absolute.
Most radical, least effective
What impact did Louis XIV's reign have on European politics?
It set the stage for the rise of absolute monarchies and increased centralization of power.
What role did Oliver Cromwell play in the English Civil War?
He was a leader of the Parliamentary forces and later became the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth
What was Galileo's contribution to the Scientific Revolution?
He improved the telescope and made key astronomical observations supporting heliocentrism.
What was Locke’s political philosophy?
Tabula rasa, natural rights of life, liberty, and property, and social contract, etc
What does TRAP stand for?
Toleration, Reform, Absolutism, Patronage