A
Problems with the Articles of Confederation
Lack of centralized military, lack of an executive branch to enforce laws, including taxation, lack of a national court system, lack of power to regulate interstate commerce, lack of power to coin money
Elite Class Theory
Societies are divided along class lines, and not everyone gets a piece of the pie.
The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)
The compromise with the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan by having two Legislative chambers, one with equal representation and one with population representation.
Brutus No. 1
Anti-Federalist response to the Federalist Papers to persuade against the ratification of the Constitution. Preferred a small government.
Layer vs Marble Cake Federalism
Governments didn't interact at all
Governments interact and work together a lot, but sometimes contradict each other.
Federalists vs Anti-Federalists
Federalists are people who approve of the Constitution, and Anti-Federalists are people who don't, for example, people who approved of Brutus 1.
Bureaucratic Theory
Power is in the hands of government workers
BONUS QUESTION
First 3 words of the Preamble of the Constitution
We, the people
Separation of Powers
Each branch has their own powers to prevent abuse
Block vs Categorical Grants
Given for broad purposes
Given for specific purposes
Social Contract
An agreement among the people in a society to give up some freedoms to maintain social order
Pluralist vs. Hyper Pluralism Theory
No single group dominates politics, making groups work with each other, while hyper pluralism is when groups are so strong that they can't agree on anything, causing a gridlock.
Bill of Rights
The first 10 Amendments were created in response to the anti-federalists and Brutus 1.
Federalist 51
Devolution
Return of power to the state governments by providing money
Participatory vs Direct vs. Representative Democracy
Participatory: The Population controls the government
Direct: People directly vote for the policy in the government
Representative: People vote for representatives to make decisions for them
Intent of the Constitutional Convention
Economic- to protect property rights and make America safe for democracy
Idealistic- to make a more perfect Union
Realistic- dealing with the question of sovereignty, the exclusive right to exercise political authority over states and population.
OR
To revise the Articles of Confederation
Federalist 10
Warns of the dangers of factions, liberty is safest in a large republic.
"Liberty is a faction what air is to fire."
Delegated vs Inherent vs Implied vs Reserved powers
Explicitly stated in the Constitution
"Self-Evident Powers" each branch possesses
Unspecified powers that are necessary in order to carry out delegated powers
Powers that belong to the states
Elastic Clause
Stretch Congress' powers also known as Nessacary and Proper Clause
Marxist Theory
The government is based on economic forces.
3/5ths Compromise
A compromise between slave and anti-slave states to make slaves 3/5 of a non slave in the population count. Northern states didn't like the idea of slaves being counted as their population because they treated them like property.
All the Articles
Article 1- legislative branch
Article 2- Executive Branch
Article 3- judicial branch
Article 4- relations among the states (Full Faith and Credit Clause, protection of states)
Article 5- How to amend the Constitution
Article 6- national supremacy, supremacy clause
Article 7- ratification procedure list required to ratify the Constitution
All the Amendments of the Bill of Rights
1- RAPPS
2- right to bear arms
3- illegal to quarter soldiers in private citizens' homes
4- protects from illegal search and seizure
5- states the rights of those accused of crimes
6- allows the right to a speedy public trial by jury
7- the right to civil lawsuits
8- bans excessive bails and fines, and bans cruel and unusual punishment
9- All rights not listed in the Constitution shall belong to the people
10- All rights not listed in the Constitution shall belong to the states
Commerce Clause
Congress regulates interstate commerce