Locke & Montesquieu
Believed people have natural rights of life, liberty, and property, which government must protect through a "social contract".
John Locke
Limited the power of the King of England and protected the rights of the nobility.
Magna Carta
No one is above the law
Rule of Law
How does rule of law affect U.S. government officials and institutions?
A. It holds government officials and institutions accountable to the law.
B. It requires government officials and institutions to create new laws.
C. It prevents government officials and institutions from making their work public.
D. It ensures government officials and institutions are exempt from laws.
A. It holds government officials and institutions accountable to the law.
"We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness."
This quote from the United States Declaration of Independence is MOST associated with which of these philosophers?
A. Plato
B. Montesquieu
C. John Locke
D. Thomas Hobbes
C. John Locke
The structure of federal government; 3 branches with their own powers and responsibilities.
Separation of Powers
A government document that expanded the powers of the English Parliament and the rights of the people while limiting the king's rights.
English Bill of Rights
According to John Locke, which rights were guaranteed by natural law?
Life, Liberty & Property
What is meant by “the rule of law”?
A. the idea that people are the source of government power
B. the idea that all people, including rulers and leaders, must obey the law
C. the theory that power should be divided among three branches of government
D. the power of the courts to interpret the Constitution and other laws
B. the idea that all people, including rulers and leaders, must obey the law
In English history, the Magna Carta (1215) and the English Bill of Rights (1689) both reinforced the concept of
A. universal suffrage.
B. a limited government
C. a compact
D. a self government
B. a limited government
Believed governments should separate its powers so each branch can check and balance the others.
Montesquieu
An agreement written by English Puritans to create a government that would provide order and protection of rights of the colonists
Mayflower Compact
What document was influenced by John Lockes Ideas?
Declaration of Independence
Which statement BEST explains why George Washington, John Adams, and Benjamin Franklin known as the "Founding Fathers"?
A. They wrote the Declaration of Independence.
B. They helped create the United States government.
C. They fought in the Continental Army against the British.
D. They helped settle the area known as the Plymouth Colony.
B. They helped create the United States government.
The opening lines of the Mayflower Compact read: “Having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic…”
This passage best exemplifies which Enlightenment political concept?
A. a social contract
B. natural law
C.separation of powers
D. limited government
A. a social contract
The agreement made by the people to establish a government and abide by its laws.
Consent of the Governed/ Social Contract
This document tried to convince the American colonists to become independent from England.
Common Sense
According to Social Contract, the people in a society enter an agreement with which other entity?
Government
According to Montesquieu, the primary reason for the separation of powers is which of the following?
A. to allow certain government officials to specialize in a particular role
B. government can operate as efficiently as possible
C. a capricious public cannot frequently change laws
D. government power is not too heavily concentrated in one branch or individual
D. government power is not too heavily concentrated in one branch or individual
The English Bill of Rights of 1689 declares that “the pretended power of suspending the laws to the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal”, a declaration supporting which concepts?
A. absolute monarchy and autocracy
B. home rule and constitutional monarchy
C. limited government and consent of the governed
D. limited government and the divine right of kings
C. limited government and consent of the governed
The idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property. These rights can't be taken away by the government.
Natural Rights
Which of the following were most similar?
A. Magna Carta and Montesquieu's separation of Powers
B. English Bill of Rights and Thomas Paine's Common Sense
C. Mayflower Compact & Montesquieu's separation of powers
D. Mayflower Compact & John Locke's social contract theory
D. Mayflower Compact & John Locke's social contract theory
Montesquieu's view of separation of powers was later expressed in the United States Government through which document?
The United States Constitution
“And thus every man, by consenting with others to make one body politic under one government, puts himself under an obligation, to every one of that society, to submit to the determination of the majority, and to be concluded by it…”
— John Locke, Two Treatises on Government
The quotation above demonstrates which constitutional principle of the founding fathers?
A. separation of powers
B. common law
C. a social contract
D. natural law
C. a social contract
How did the English Bill of Rights change the government structure of England?
A. It increased the role of a sovereign leader over.
B. It increased government spending and focused on absolute control.
C. It limited Parliament's power and increased the power of the church.
D. It limited the monarch's power to be shared with Parliament and the people.
D. It limited the monarch's power to be shared with Parliament and the people.