Westward Expansion & Immigration
What were two effects of the Transcontinental Railroad?
It opened settlement to previously isolated areas and created a rush of settlement in western territories.
What was one major economic problem of the Gilded Age?
The rapid growth of trusts and monopolies.
What was a reform that aimed to solve problems caused by industrialization?
Progressive reforms aimed to address corruption and poor working conditions.
Who was Boss Tweed?
A political boss known for his corrupt practices in New York City.
What was one goal of the women's suffrage movement?
To secure the right to vote for women.
Which act helped to create new towns and states in the West?
The Homestead Act.
How did the Bessemer process contribute to U.S. economic development?
It allowed the mass production of steel, which enabled the construction of taller buildings.
What amendments expanded democratic participation?
The 17th and 19th amendment.
What reform was implemented to combat corruption in government?
The Pendleton Act, which established a merit-based system for government jobs.
How did the Progressive Era affect women's participation in politics?
More women were elected to Congress and had a greater influence on lawmaking.
Which of the following contributed to the closing of the American frontier?
Both the Transcontinental Railroad and the Homestead Act.
What unfair practices were used by railroads?
Rebates, pools, and differential rates.
What was the purpose of initiative, referendum, and recall?
These reforms aimed to give citizens a more direct influence on lawmaking.
How did Tocqueville's ideas about democracy influence American policy?
His ideas led to the protection of individual liberties and limited government intervention.
What does the Nineteenth Amendment accomplish?
It granted women the right to vote.
What was one goal of the Carlisle Indian School?
To assimilate American Indians into U.S. culture.
What was the government’s response to the issues caused by the Gilded Age?
Passing the Interstate Commerce Act.
What effect did Upton Sinclair's work have on society?
It led to reforms in food safety and labor regulations.
What was one way political machines, like Boss Tweed’s Tammany Hall, gained power in cities during the late 1800s?
By using corrupt practices such as controlling votes, bribing officials, and helping immigrants in exchange for political support.
What role did women play in promoting progressive reforms?
Women organized movements and campaigns for social issues, including suffrage and labor rights.
What is the significance of the Homestead Act in terms of settlement patterns in the U.S.?
It provided land to settlers, encouraging westward migration and settlement.
Describe the relationship between big business and government during the Progressive Era.
Government involvement in business affairs increased, leading to more regulations.
Explain how the Progressive Era addressed the problem of corruption in politics.
Reforms were implemented to reduce the power of political machines and increase transparency.
What were the causes and effects of migration to U.S. cities in the early 1900s?
Causes included overcrowding and unsanitary living conditions; effects included an increase in industrial jobs.
How did direct democracy reforms empower citizens?
Citizens gained the ability to propose and vote on laws directly, increasing their influence on government decisions.