Active transport
Moves substances from ___ to ___ concentration
Low --> high
Moves substances from ___ to ___ concentration
High → Low
This moves materials ___ the cell
Into
This moves materials ___ the cell
Out of
Osmosis is the movement of ___ across a membrane
Water
Yes
Does it require energy?
No
Name one example of endocytosis
Taking in large particles or materials into the cell (like food or nutrients)
Name one example of exocytosis
Releasing hormones, enzymes, or neurotransmitters
Does osmosis require energy?
No
Name one type of active transport
protein pump
Name one type of passive transport
Diffusion
Which cell structure helps form the vesicle?
Cell membrane
What is the purpose of the vesicle in exocytosis?
It carries materials to the cell membrane to be released out of the cell
Water moves from ___ to ___ concentration
High water → Low water (or low solute → high solute)
What are the three types of active transport?
Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Protein pump
What are the three types of passive transport?
Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Osmosis
Is endocytosis active or passive transport?
Active
Is exocytosis active or passive transport?
Active
Describe what happens in a hypertonic solution
Water leaves the cell → cell shrinks
Give an example of the protein pump’s role in the cell
Pumps sodium and potassium ions to maintain concentration gradients
Explain why passive transport does not need energy
Particles move down their concentration gradient naturally
Explain how endocytosis works
Cell membrane surrounds material → pinches off → forms vesicle → brings material inside
Explain how exocytosis works
Vesicle fuses with cell membrane → releases contents outside the cell
Describe what happens in isotonic vs hypotonic solutions
Isotonic = water moves in and out equally (cell stays the same)
Hypotonic = water enters the cell (cell swells/bursts)