Philosophers
Who shaped American government ideas?
John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean Jacques Rousseau
What did the American and French Revolutions have in common?
they were both influenced by Enlightenment ideas and supported by outsiders
What is mercantilism?
an economic system where a country increases its wealth by controlling trade with its colonies
How did Galileo's work challenge the Church?
his findings disagreed with what the Church taught
What is a constitutional monarchy?
What is a government where a king or queen shares power with a constitutionally organized government?
What did John Locke say about government?
people have the right to change a government that does not protect their rights
What made the Haitian Revolution unique?
it was led by enslaved people seeking freedom
How did the Navigation Acts impact trade?
they required that trade be done on English ships, benefiting England
What was the impact of the Scientific Revolution?
it encouraged people to rely on observation and reason instead of tradition
How did the Magna Carta change power?
What is it established that even the king must follow the law?
What did Montesquieu say about power?
power should be separated into different branches to prevent abuse
Who was Toussaint Louverture?
the leader of the Haitian Revolution who fought against French rule
Why did the French focus on fur trading?
they wanted to profit from the fur market instead of settling large areas
How did new ideas spread in Europe?
What is through books, discussions, and scientific societies?
What are the features of absolutism?
What is centralized power and the idea that kings have a divine right to rule?
What did Rousseau believe in?
the idea that government should be based on the will of the people
What caused these revolutions?
social unfairness, economic struggles, and a desire for change
What was the Encomienda System?
a system where Spanish colonists could demand labor from Indigenous people
Who were key figures in the Scientific Revolution?
Who are Galileo, Isaac Newton, and Johannes Kepler?
How did the Bill of Rights work?
What is it guaranteed individual rights and limited the power of the government?
How did Enlightenment thinkers influence society?
they inspired movements for freedom and democracy
How did monarchs react to revolutions?
they tried to restore order and stop the revolutions
How did the slave trade change Africa?
it led to conflicts between kingdoms and increased violence
What changes did this period bring?
What is the foundation for modern science and a new way of thinking about the world?
What role did democracy have in the French Revolution?
What is it led to demands for equality and the establishment of a republic?