Management
Inspiring, motivating, and guiding employees.
Leadership
Which type of planning focuses on day-to-day operations?
Operational Planning
This is the classic top-down model: CEO or top manager → middle managers → frontline employees.
Hierarchical / Pyramid Structure
Which leadership style is most effective when quick decisions are needed?
Autocratic
The first step in the controlling process is:
Establishing performance standards or goals
The process of grouping tasks and resources.
Organizing
A backup plan in case of emergencies.
Contingency Planning
Few or no levels of middle management. Lower span of control, more direct interaction between top and staff.
Flat / Horizontal Structure
Which leadership style is associated with inspiring followers to exceed expectations?
Transformational
Adjustments made when actual results differ from goals.
Corrective Action
Which function of management ensures that goals set during planning are achieved?
Controlling
Short-term planning used to implement strategic plans.
Tactical Planning
In organizing, assigning specific responsibilities to employees is called:
Delegating
Which type of leadership gives employees the most freedom?
Laissez-Faire
This tool tracks across multiple categories (financial, customer satisfaction, internal processes, learning).
Balanced Scorecards
Management function involving setting goals and deciding how to achieve them
Planning
A long-term plan set by top management.
Strategic Planning
Organizing employees into specialized units.
Departmentalization
Leadership style that shares decision-making with employees.
Democratic
Which of these is an example of a corrective action?
a) Setting next year’s marketing budget
b) Reducing staffing after reviewing expense reports
c) Scheduling entertainment events
d) Conducting employee interviews
b) Reducing staffing after reviewing expense reports
a SWOT analysis is most often used during which function?
Planning
This planning tool identifies potential risks, rates their likelihood and impact, and creates strategies to reduce or respond to them.
Risk Management Matrix
5 Steps in the Organizing Process
Identify tasks (What needs to be done?)
Group tasks (Who can do them best?)
Assign resources (Money, equipment, people).
Establish authority (Who reports to who?).
Evaluate & adjust (Is the system working?).
How individuals interact within a group.
Team Dynamics
Specific measurable data points used to evaluate success
Key Performance Indicators