Cell Structures and Functions
What is the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for generating ATP?
Mitochondria
What is the term (2 words) that describes the structure of the cell membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer
In which type of transport do substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
passive transport
What is the term for the molecule that binds a receptor?
ligand
What is the water potential of distilled water?
0 bars
What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
What is the term for the property of the cell membrane that allows it to control the passage of substances in and out of the cell?
selectively permeable
Which passive transport process involves the diffusion of water molecules across the membrane?
osmosis
What type of enzyme facilitates the phosphorylation of molecules during a signal transduction pathway?
Kinase
What type of microscope would you use to view a living ameoba?
light microscope
Which cell organelle contains digestive enzymes to breakdown waste and foreign substances?
Lysosomes
What molecule moderates against the impact of extreme temperatures on cell membranes?
Cholesterol
What is the type of active transport in which large particles are engulfed by the cell?
endocytosis
What type of cell signaling occurs when a cell releases a signaling molecule that affects nearby cells?
Paracrine
What organelle produces proteins and lipids and is involved in the metabolism of carbs?
endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Packaging/processing and sorting proteins
In order to increase the efficiency of nutrient uptake and waste elimination in a cell, what about the membrane should be maximized?
surface area
What is the term for a plant cell in a hypotonic solution?
Turgid
Non-protein molecules such as cAMP which amplify the signal in a transduction pathway are called what?
second messengers
An animal cell that shrivels in solution is _______ to that solution.
hypotonic
Name 2 organelles that contain DNA.
Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts
Describe a molecule that could easily pass through a cell membrane without the aid of proteins or energy.
small nonpolar (uncharged)
A cell with a solute potential = -5 bars and a pressure potential = 3 bars is placed in a beaker with a solute potential = -4 bars. What direction will water move?
Into the beaker (-2> -4)
Which subunit of the G protein exchanges GDP for GTP when activated?
alpha subunit
In which organelle would you find a high concentration of catalase?
Peroxisomes