States of Matter and Phase Changes
True or False:
The particles in a solid do not move at all.
False - they vibrate in place
What do the periods tell you in the periodic table?
The number of energy levels that an atom has.
Write the charge for each subatomic particle.
Proton -
Neutron -
Electron -
Protons: +
Neutrons: 0
Electrons: -
Name the 2 characteristics of an ionic bond.
1. between a metal and a nonmetal
2. electrons are permanently transferred
What is the location of the smallest bone in the human body?
In the middle ear
Describe the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy.
Higher temperatures = more kinetic energy
Write the charge for a cation and an anion
Cation (+)
Anion (-)
Can the same element have different numbers of protons? Why or why not?
No, protons are specific to each element.
1. between two nonmetals
2. electrons are shared
Can astronauts burp in space?
No! Because the constant of gravity is different in space, the liquids, gasses, and solids in your stomach do not separate like they do on earth.
Choose one of the 4 states of matter and explain the particle movement and kinetic energy of that state.
Solids: particles are in a fixed, condensed position and vibrate in place
Liquids: particles are more spread out, have higher kinetic energy than solids, and flow
Gas: particles move freely and quickly and have a lot of kinetic energy
Plasma: particles carry a charge, move freely and very quickly due to extremely high kinetic energy
What is an isotope?
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons, and valence electrons are in Xenon (Xe)
Protons: 54
Neutrons: 77
Electrons: 54
Valence Electrons: 8
What is an ion?
An atom that carries a positive or negative charge by losing or gaining electrons
What is the only bird that can fly backwards and upside down?
Hummingbirds
Explain how are endothermic and exothermic different.
Endothermic changes = absorb energy
Exothermic changes = release energy
What purpose do the neutrons serve?
They hold protons together because the positive charges will repel each other - they act as a glue.
A carbon atom with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons would have an atomic mass of what?
12 amu (protons + neutrons)
Is this ionic or covalent? C₆H₁₂O₆
Covalent
How many bones do human babies have?
300
What is the relationship between pressure and volume in a gas?
What is the relationship between temperature and volume in a gas?
Pressure and volume: inverse/indirect
Temperature and volume: direct
Why are nonmetals more likely to take in electrons than lose them in ionic bonding?
They have more valence electrons than metals, so they are more likely to take in more electrons.
Draw an atomic diagram for Magnesium (Mg)
include protons, neutrons, and all energy levels
check answers
Draw a bond diagram for Aluminum (Al) and Chlorine (Cl).
You can draw an electron dot diagram or draw only the valence shell.
get your answer checked
How long is one day on Neptune?
16 hours