Chapter 5
Identify the charge of a proton, neutron, and electron.
What do we call an element with a unique number of neutrons, and one with a unique number of electrons?
Positive Protons, Neutral/No Charge Neutrons, Negative Electrons.
Isotopes = Neutron Change, Ions = Electron Change
This cell has no distinct nucleus and are single celled.
This cell has very distinct nucleus and membrane bound organlles.
What are prokaryotes?
What are eukaryotes?
These are the cells capable of self-regeneration and are used to fill the role of other cells who are dwindling in population size.
What are Stem Cells?
Differentiate between Polar and Non-Polar Bonds?
Non-Polar Electrons are shared equally between atoms.
Polar Electrons are shared unequally because one atom has a stronger pull (higher electronegativity)
The crucial organelles are the Nucleus, Ribosomes, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Mitochondria, and Chloroplast.
1. Identify the location in the specific cell (plant/animal)
2. Identify their function.
Nucleus (Both): Stores DNA
Ribosomes (Both): Creates Proteins
Cell Membrane (Both): Allows for things to diffuse in and out of the cell.
Cell Wall (Plant): Gives a plant structure and protects the plant cell from damage
Mitochondria (Both): Helps with Cellular Respiration and gives the cell ATP
Chloroplast (Plant): Helps with Photosynthesis and gives the plant a green color
This process is the cellular division process that divides body cells into genetically identical sister chromatids (daughter cells)
What is Mitosis?
Why is maintaining a stable pH important for living organisms?
It ensures enzymes maintain their shape and function properly.
Diffusion and Osmosis are the process of particles (Macromolecules and water respectively) moving across the cell membrane. This type of transport uses no energy to move them across and goes from a higher concentration to a lower one.
What is Passive Transport?
Active Transport requires energy (ATP) and goes from low to high, disrupting homeostasis.
Prokaryotic cell cycles undergo a unique process where DNA is split into genetically identical daughter cells.
What is Binary Fission?
What are the 4 macromolecules and what are they broken down into?
Proteins: Amino Acids
Nucleic Acid: Nucleotides
Lipids: Fatty Acids
Carbohydrates: Simple Sugars
What are Carbon Dioxide and Water?
This two options a cell has when it fails a checkpoint and is undergoing rapid cell division.
1. Continue to grow into a tumor and potentially become cancer.
2. Self-destructs to prevent further damage (Apoptosis)
The rate of reactions are impacted when the following change. Additionally, what can be added to help speed up a reaction time?
What are temperature, pH values, and salinity (salt). A catalyst can help speed up the reaction.
These are the reactants of Photosynthesis?
What are Carbon Dioxide and Water?
In order, what are the 6 phases of Mitosis?
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis