Rhythms
How many seconds is one block of squares equivalent to
0.20
This medication is given every 3-5 minutes during asystole or PEA.
Epinephrine.
Left - sided heart failure symptoms?
Pulmonary crackles, orthopnea, weight gain,
Chest pain relieved by rest and Nitro is classified as what type of angina?
Stable angina.
What electrolytes must be monitored closely is dysrhythmia patients
Potassium and magnesium.
How do you calculate HR based off of a 6 second strip?
Count the QRS intervals (R waves) and multiply by 10.
What medication stops the heart, and what is the purpose.
Adenosine, "reset" or stop the heart during fast rhythms, (SVT)
Right sided heart failure
Jugular vein distension (JVD), hepatomegaly ( enlargement of liver), peripheral edema.
This cardiac biomarker is most specific for MI. What is the desired range?
Troponin - Normal < 0.04 - Elevated is considered > 0.40 - this value or higher indicates heart muscle damage, such as a MI
What value must be monitored when a patient is receiving heparin
aPTT
What rhythms are shockable?
V Fib and Pulseless V Tach.
What anticoagulant is used in A-Fib to reduce likelihood of a stroke?
Warfarin.
Lab value that is elevated in heart failure and reflects ventricular stretch and what is the range.
BNP - less than 100
This procedure mechanically opens a blocked coronary artery using balloon dilation and stent placement.
PCI - percutaneous coronary intervention
A client has intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring after a myocardial infarction. The nurse notes the client’s heart rate has increased from 88 to 110 beats/min, and the blood pressure dropped from 120/82 to 100/60 mm Hg. What is a major complication that the nurse should look for?
Assess the client for bleeding. Hemorrhage from the insertion site is a major complication.
Which rhythm is non-shockable
Asystole and Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)
What anti-arrhythmic is commonly used for V-Tach and V-Fib during ACLS.
(this is used after the third shock for vfib and vtach that is unresponsive to shock delivery, CPR, and vasopressors.
Amiodarone
What is a Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure and what is the range?
Assesses left ventricular filling, estimates left atrial pressure 4 - 12mmHg.
A catheter is inserted into a vein and guided into the pulmonary artery where the balloon is inflated to occlude the vessel, allowing for pressure measurement.
ONLY HAVE BALLOON INFLATED WHEN MEASURING PRESSURE!!!
According to JAICO, if a patient presents with acute myocardial infarction at 1500 (3:00) by what time should the patient have a percutaneous coronary intervention performed?
1630 (4:30) - according to Joint commission you have 90 minutes
What is t-PA (tissue plasminogen activator)
Used for STEMI, thrombolytic that dissolves clots in the arteries. Must be administered as soon as possible after symptom onset for max. efficiency
(Alteplase).
What is the greatest complication of A-Fib
Ischemic Stroke
This medication slows AV conduction and is used for rate control in A-Fib.
Diltiazem (beta blocker).
What happens in cardiogenic shock
The heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, usually after a major cardiac event. It can result in low BP, rapid cold skin, confusion and loss of consciousness, and multi organ dysfunction.
Post-CABG complication that presents with hypotenstion, muffled heart sounds and JVD
Cardiac tamponade
What is cardiac tamponade?
Life threatening- fluid, blood, or pus fills the pericardium (sac around the heart) and compresses the heart muscle.