Industrial & Railroads
What is Industrialization?
This is the shift from handmade goods to factory-made goods using machines and mass production.
What is horizontal integration?
This type of integration occurs when a company buys competing companies in the same industry.
What is a labor union?
This is an organized group of workers that seeks improved wages, hours, and working conditions.
What are push factors?
These are reasons people leave their home country, including famine, crop failures, taxes, and job shortages.
What is urbanization?
Rapid industrial growth caused this process: the growth of cities as people moved there for factory jobs.
How did natural resources help the United States industrialize rapidly in the late 1800s?
The United States industrialized rapidly in the late 1800s partly because it had abundant coal, iron ore, oil, timber, and land.
What is vertical integration?
This type of integration occurs when a company controls every step of production and distribution.
What major contribution is attributed to Henry Ford?
Assembly Line & 8 Hour Work Week
What are pull factors?
These are reasons immigrants were attracted to the United States, especially the availability of jobs and economic opportunity.
What are political machines?
These were tightly organized political party systems that used patronage and favors to control elections and city government.
What could businesses move more quickly and cheaply because of railroads?
Raw material and Finished goods
What was Standard Oil?
Rockefeller used horizontal integration to build this oil company, which controlled about 90% of U.S. refineries and pipelines.
Why did the labor movement start to decline?
Damaged public support for this movement because it became linked in many people’s minds with violence and anarchism.
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
This 1882 law banned most Chinese workers from entering the United States.
What was the Populist Party?
This political party represented farmers and workers and demanded reforms in the late 1800s.
What is westward expansion?
Railroad expansion encouraged this movement by connecting eastern markets to western lands and settlements.
What is a monopoly?
A company that controls nearly all of an industry is called this.
What did Andrew Carnegie believe about wealth?
Believed that wealthy people had a responsibility to use their money to benefit society.
What is Ellis Island?
This East Coast processing station mainly received European immigrants, most of whom were processed quickly.
What was the Pendleton Civil Service Act?
This 1883 law reduced corruption by creating merit-based hiring and competitive exams for federal government jobs.
Railroads connected ports to inland areas, created national markets, and enabled businesses to do what with products and raw materials across great distances?
Moving goods and materials quickly and cheaply
What are Captain of Industries and a Robber Barons?
A business leader considered beneficial because they invested, created jobs, and contributed to society is called this; a leader who exploited workers and destroyed competition is called the opposite.
What was the Haymarket Riot?
This 1886 event began as a labor rally in Chicago but turned violent after someone threw a bomb.
What is Angel Island?
This West Coast immigration station processed Asian immigrants and was known for long detentions, harsh questioning, and higher rejection rates.
What is nativism?
This anti-immigrant belief favored native-born Americans and contributed to discrimination, lower wages, violence, and ethnic segregation.