People and Ideas
This Portuguese prince funded voyages and helped sailors improve navigation along the coast of Africa.
Prince Henry the Navigator
This small, fast ship could sail against the wind and became useful for long ocean voyages.
Caravel
In this system, a country controlled ports and forts along a coast without ruling a large inland area.
Trading-post empire
This final imperial dynasty of China was founded by the Manchus.
Qing Dynasty
This trade network connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas across the Atlantic.
Triangular Trade
These two Spanish monarchs paid for Christopher Columbus’s 1492 voyage.
Queen Isabella I and King Ferdinand II
This adjective means connected to ships, sailors, or navigation.
Nautical
In this system, a foreign power ruled one large connected area and its population.
Territorial empire
This long-ruling Qing emperor strengthened the economy, expanded the empire, and supported learning.
Emperor Kangxi
This name described the forced Atlantic journey of enslaved Africans to the Americas.
Middle Passage
His expedition completed the first voyage around the world, although he died before the voyage ended.
Ferdinand Magellan
Europeans often summarized their reasons for exploration with these three words.
Gold, God, and Glory
In this type of colony, people moved permanently, built towns and farms, and claimed land.
Settler colony
This Chinese policy limited European merchants to one port and required them to trade through approved merchants.
Canton System
Overcrowding, chains, hunger, disease, abuse, and poor sanitation describe conditions during this journey.
Middle Passage
This thinker argued that free trade could benefit society when buyers and sellers made their own choices.
Adam Smith
European exploration technology combined knowledge from these three broad traditions.
Asian, Islamic or Arab, and European traditions
This type of colony used large farms, cash crops, and exploited or forced labor to earn profits.
Plantation colony
These Japanese rulers restricted Europeans and Christianity to protect their authority and traditional culture.
Tokugawa shoguns
The Atlantic slave trade caused these major effects within African societies.
Population loss, family separation, warfare, and political instability
the European country that sponsored the earliest voyages down western Africa and the broader period of overseas expansion.
Portugal and the Age of Exploration
Rounding this point at the southern end of Africa opened a sea route toward the Indian Ocean
Cape of Good Hope
Among the four colonial systems, this one depended most directly on forced labor to produce goods for export.
Plantation colony
Both China and Japan limited European influence, but Japan allowed the Dutch to trade through this port.
Nagasaki
A captain complained about captives dying because he would lose money. This reveals this central feature of slavery.
Dehumanization for profit