Vocabulary
V - In “The frigid air made us zip our coats,” what does frigid mean?
Very cold
B - What is an author’s purpose?
The reason the author writes a text.
E - What is a text’s central idea?
The main point the text develops about its topic.
A - What is a claim in an argument?
A position or point the writer wants readers to accept.
Q - Which appeal relies mainly on feelings: ethos, pathos, or logos?
R - Add -ity to “active” creates “activity.” This changes “active” from a verb to a ___________.
Noun
P - A paragraph explains the steps of photosynthesis. What is its main purpose?
To inform / educate
J - Is “school gardens” a topic or a central idea?
A topic
K - What is evidence?
Facts, examples, observations, or other information used to support a claim.
I - “As a veterinarian who has cared for animals for 20 years, I recommend regular checkups.” Which appeal is most prominent?
Ethos
O - Change improve into a noun using the suffix -ment. Use it in a sentence.
His grades showed improvement.
H - “The crowded hallway felt like a river pushing me toward class.” What does this description suggest about the narrator’s perspective?
The narrator experiences the hallway as crowded or overwhelming.
L - “A school garden gives students a place to study plants, measure growth, and work together.” State the central idea.
A school garden creates several opportunities for hands-on learning.
G - “Our class should have a reading corner.” Is this a claim or evidence?
Claim
M - What is repetition as a rhetorical device?
Repeating words or phrases to emphasize an idea
F - In “The trail was treacherous, so the hikers moved carefully,” what does treacherous most likely mean?
Dangerous, unsafe
S - Why might a student who walks to school and a student who rides a bus describe a new arrival policy differently?
Their experiences with the policy differ, which can shape what each notices and values.
N - “Many students enjoy listening to music while studying. However, songs with lyrics can distract them from reading, while quiet instrumental music may be less distracting.” State a central idea that reflects the whole passage.
Different kinds of music can affect studying differently; lyrics may distract readers more than instrumental music.
T - “Twenty students used the library during lunch on Tuesday.” Is this a claim or evidence?
Evidence
W - “If we care about our community, shouldn’t we keep its sidewalks clean?” Identify the device.
D - Equal becomes equality. What does equality mean?
The state or quality of being equal
Y - A travel brochure mentions beautiful beaches but leaves out frequent traffic. How does that choice support its purpose?
The brochure selects appealing details to encourage people to visit.
U - “During a heat wave, the city opened cooling centers, extended pool hours, and checked on older residents.” What central idea do all three details support?
The city used several measures to help residents stay safe during the heat wave.
X - Write a claim supported by this evidence: “After refill stations were installed, the school collected 35% fewer discarded plastic water bottles.”
Installing refill stations can help the school reduce plastic bottle waste.”
C - “A local nurse says walking helps health. A chart shows how many students walk to school. A story describes a student who enjoys the walk with her grandfather.” Identify the main appeal in each detail, in order.
Ethos, Logos, Pathos