CANON & ORIGINS
What does the word for "Bible" mean literally in Greek?
"the books"
This group of divergent Christians believed Jesus was fully God, but not fully human, and that his "knowledge" is what saves us.
Gnostic Christians
Saint who translated the entire Bible directly into Latin, creating the Vulgate.
St. Jerome
What does Theopneustos mean?
Greek word for "God-breathed" or "inspired".
The official total number of books in the Catholic Bible.
73
The translation of the Hebrew Bible (OT) into Greek that contained the 7 duetero-canonical books (46 total) by seventy scribes (LXX)
What is the Septuagint?
This heresy taught that Jesus was fully man, but not fully God, and therefore not equal to Him.
Jewish Adoptionism / also Arianism
Former Catholic priest who removed the 7 Deuterocanonical books and begun the reformation.
Who is Martin Luther?
The two key elements vital for properly interpreting and understanding any biblical text.
What are literary form (genre) and historical context?
Came up with three different ways to interpret scripture and wrote something called the "hexapla"
Origen of Alexandria (b. 185 AD)
The discovery of these ancient manuscripts in Qumran caves in 1947 included fragments of every Old Testament book except Esther.
What are the Dead Sea Scrolls?
This group taught that the God of the Old Testament was evil and distinct from the Father of Jesus.
Who are the Marcionites?
Translating the Bible word-for-word is known as what?
Formal correspondence (or formal equivalence)
Who is St. Augustine
Name for an authoritative list or collection
Canon
This historical event in 70 AD forced Jewish rabbis to finalize the 39-book Hebrew Bible canon.
What is the destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans?
What did the Montanists believe in?
Ecstatic prayer and rigid morals (new prophecy and legalism)
He was executed and burned at the stake in 1536 for translating the New Testament into English directly from original Greek and Hebrew.
Who is William Tyndale?
An overly literal reading of Scripture that ignores context, literary genres, and human authorship.
What is Fundamentalism?
The Latin translation of the Bible completed by St. Jerome
Vulgate
This 367 AD document written by St. Athanasius was the first historical record to explicitly list all 27 New Testament books
What is the Easter Letter?
Strict monastic Jews who lived in Qumran and preserved the Dead Sea Scrolls.
Who are the Essenes?
When was the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament officially completed for Christians?
Council of Trent
What is textual criticism?
Scholars deciding which manuscript is closest to original
What is the Catholic view of the Bible's "inerrancy"?
Bible is free from spiritual error but not historical and scientific