Brain & Neurons
This part of the brain helps control balance, posture, and smooth body movements.
Cerebellum
Balances and coordinates movements.
What are the three main stages of pregnancy called?
First, second, and third trimesters
When the corner of a newborn's mouth is touched, the baby turns toward the touch. What reflex is this?
Rooting Reflex
What stage of physical and psychological development occurs between puberty and legal adulthood?
Adolescence
What is the name for the stage of adulthood between approximately 18 and 25 years old?
Emerging adulthood
This area of the temporal lobe helps us understand spoken and written language.
Wernicke's area
A baby's arms develop before their fingers. Which principle of physical development does this demonstrate?
Proximodistal Principle
Development progresses from the centre of the body outward.
When the sole of a baby's foot is firmly stroked, the baby's toes fan outward. What reflex is this?
Babinski Reflex
During puberty, hormones stimulate the production of testosterone in males. Which hormone is produced by the ovaries in females?
Estrogen
What is the term for the gradual loss of the eye's ability to focus on nearby objects?
Presbyopia
This structure connects the brain to the spinal cord and helps control automatic functions such as breathing and heart rate.
Brain stem
What is a preterm infant?
Born before full term.
Explain the difference between gross motor skills and fine motor skills
Gross uses larger muscles
Fine uses smaller muscles
Why might adolescents become temporarily clumsy or uncoordinated as their bodies develop?
Growth spurts
What is the term for the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength?
Sarcopenia
What is the name of the process in which excess or rarely used connections between neurons are removed?
Synaptic pruning
According to Arnold Gesell, why would teaching a child a physical skill before they are developmentally ready have little effect?
Biological maturation
A young child is rarely spoken to, played with, or provided with engaging activities. What is this lack of stimulation called?
Deprivation
Lack of stimulation and engagement needed to support development.
Identify TWO possible effects of sleep deprivation on a teenager's mental health or school performance.
Difficulty concentrating, poor memory, irritability, anxiety, increased depression risk, or worse school performance.
Explain the difference between osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.
Osteoporosis: loss of bone density.
Osteoarthritis: wear and stiffness in joints.
This large bundle of nerve fibres allows the left and right hemispheres of the brain to communicate.
Corpus callosum
Connects the brain's two hemispheres.
Identify ONE major development that occurs during each of the first, second, and third trimesters.
One development per trimester
What do the five letters in APGAR stand for?
Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration
Identify the brain area more associated with emotional or impulsive reactions and the area involved in more logical decision-making
Amygdala and prefrontal cortex
As people age, blood vessels and arteries may become stiffer.
Explain how this affects the heart and blood pressure. Identify ONE way an older adult could reduce their risk of cardiovascular problems.
Heart works harder, blood pressure risk rises
Adaptations include regular exercise, a healthy diet, limiting salt, avoiding smoking, and managing stress.