French Revolution
What was the third estate?
The third estate made up 97% of the population and were made up of middle class, peasants, and the working class
This thinker said all people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property
John Locke
What is divine right ?
The belief that kings and queens get their power from God and answer only to God, not to the people.
What was the first country to achieve independence in Latin America?
Haiti
This device was used to execute King Louis XVI and thousands of others during the French Revolution.
The guillotine
Who was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety?
Maximilien Robespierre
This thinker said power should be split into three branches so no one group gets too much
Baron de Montesquieu
What is nationalism?
Strong pride in and loyalty to your nation. It includes the belief that people who share a language, culture and history should have their own country.
Known as “The Liberator,” he led independence movements in northern South America.
Simon Bolivar.
This French military leader crowned himself emperor in 1804.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
Were representatives of the third estate promised not to disband until they created a constitution.
What is the social contract ?
The idea that people agree to give up some freedoms to a government, and in return the government protects their rights.
What is a Constitutional Monarchy
A government with a king or queen whose power is limited by a constitution and laws.
Who are peninsulares?
People born in Spain who held the highest positions in colonial Latin America.
In 1789, Louis XVI called this meeting of all three estates. It had not met in 175 years.
The estates general
Name the four stages of the French Revolution in chronological order
National Assembly, Reign of terror(Radical Stage), The directory, and the Age of Napoleon
What were enlightened despots ?
Rulers like Catherine the Great and Frederick the Great adopted some Enlightenment ideas but kept their absolute power.
What is Realpolitik?
Politics based on practical goals and power instead of ideals or morals.
In 1810, this priest’s “Grito de Dolores” started Mexico’s fight for independence
Father Miguel Hidalgo
After his defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon spent his last years exiled on this remote island in the South Atlantic.
Saint Helena
What was the Congress of Vienna?
Where European leaders met to reorganize Europe after the downfall of Napoleon.
“Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” This thinker said government should follow the “general will” of the people
Jean Jacques Rousseau
What does the word sovereignty mean?
The ability to rule and govern oneself or state.
Who were the Creoles?
People of European descent who were born in Latin America
Napoleon was finally defeated at this 1815 battle in present-day Belgium.
The battle of waterloo