Antebellum South
What did the South rely on as the labor force for this time?
Slaves
What did abolitionists want?
Slavery to end
God's will that American's move West and span the nation from coast to coast
What was the first battle of the Civil War?
Fort Sumter
What does "Reconstruction" mean? What was the goal?
Goal was to rebuild the South economically, socially, politically, AND physically (Civil War was mostly fought in the South)
Explain the social hierarchy of the South.
Plantation owners (elite), small farmers/poor whites, and slaves.
What kind of economy did the North have at this time?
Industrial
What is "Jacksonian Democracy?"
Time under Andrew Jackson's presidency where he expanded suffrage (right to vote).
What happened at the Battle of Bull Run?
Humiliating defeat for the Union. They realized this would not be a quick/easy war and developed a strategy to win.
What were Black Codes?
Laws to restrict rights and freedoms of African Americans.
What kind of economy did the South have at this time?
Agriculture/Agrarian
What were the 3 forms of transportation invented at this time?
Railroads, canals, and steamboats
What was the Indian Removal Act and what did it ultimately lead to?
Act that gave the President the power to make treaties with Native Americans. This ultimately lead to the Trail of Tears.
Describe the Anaconda Plan and include the event/battle where the Union achieved this part of their plan.
Goal was to divide the South at the Mississippi River and cut off Confederate supply lines. Achieved at the Siege of Vicksburg.
What was the name of the era in the South after Reconstruction ended where African Americans lost protection? What did they need protection from?
Jim Crow Era. Needed protection from KKK and general violence/discrimination.
What were the 3 main arguments used to defend slavery?
Paternalism, Bible, claim that they had a "better life"
What was the Second Great Awakening? They were focused on ____ reform.
Movement focused on social reform
What is sectionalism and what were the 3 "sections" of the US at this time?
Loyalty to one's own region. North, South, and West
What was the goal of Sherman's March to the Sea and what was the ultimate result?
Goal was to break the South's will to fight and ultimately resulted in the end of the Civil War with a Union Victory.
What was the Freedmen's Bureau?
1st federal relief agency. Helped slaves transition to freedom. Provided food, clothes, medicine, jobs, information, etc.
Going into the Civil War, what were some advantages the South had?
More cotton. That's it.
Going into the Civil War, what were some of the advantages the North had?
Had more factories, more railroads, more people (immigrants), etc.
What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Treaty that ended the Mexican-American War
Describe the Battle of Gettysburg and why it is important.
The bloodiest battle where Confederate soldiers charged up a hill and half of them died. Union victory which ended any hope of the South ever invading the North.
What was the Compromise of 1877?
Democrats agreed to Hayes becoming President if Republicans agreed to end Reconstruction and remove the military from the South.
What was the main political party in the South and what did they believe in?
The Democrats. Believed in low tariffs, states rights, and the idea of nullification
What was the main political party in the North and what did they believe in?
The Whigs. They believed in a strong national government, supported tariffs and federal programs that encouraged economic growth
How did the US end up getting post of the territory in the South West?
Texas Annexation and Mexican-American War/Mexican Cession. Let's go Manifest Destiny!
Describe the Battle of Antietam and the impact it had.
Single bloodiest day of the Civil War. Halted Confederate army and forced Lee to retreat. Britain and France refused to recognize the "Confederate States of America" and made the decision to remain neutral throughout the war.
What were the "Reconstruction Amendments" and what did they say?
13th - abolish slavery
14th - gave citizenship to all born in the US (including African Americans)
15th - gave African American men the right to vote