John Calvin’s doctrine emphasized this idea that God has already determined who will be saved(part of the “elect”).
Predestination
This treaty, signed in 1648, officially ended the Thirty Years' War and marked a victory for religious pluralism.
Peace of Westphalia
A machine that spread ideas far & wide.
Now literacy was no longer denied.
Created by Gutenberg to change the game.
It spread Reformation–its claim to fame.
PRINTING PRESS
In poker: 2 of the same card & 3 of another card or a sitcom featuring the olsen twins + the part of parliament comprised of the upper class
Full House of Lords
This artistic style that followed the Renaissance was characterized by exaggerated motion and emotion.
Mannerism
This 1598 decree granted French Huguenots religious tolerance as henry iv declared that paris was worth a mass.
Edict of Nantes
The sale of these, which supposedly reduced time in purgatory, was a key reason for Luther’s protest.
indulgences
During this 1572 event in France, Catherine de' Medici ordered thousands of Huguenots in town for a wedding to be killed.
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
An Unmarried ruler with a heart so bold,
whose reign brought England to power untold.
faced the Armada with courage and might,
A lion’s heart in the face of the fight.
Queen ELIZABETH I
a teenager-led organization within schools that represents their peers + a series of meetings by the Catholic Church to address issues raised by the Reformation, reform church practices, and clarify Catholic doctrine
Student Council of Trent
This monumental Baroque palace in France was a symbol of absolute power.
Versailles
This 1534 English law declared the monarch the supreme head of the Church of England, officially breaking ties with the Catholic Church.
Act of Supremacy
This 1521 event forced Luther to stand trial for his beliefs before Charles V.
Diet of Worms
SOLO QUESTION:
This Spanish king launched the failed Armada against England in 1588.
Philip II
In Zurich, this man broke with Rome.
Denied the Eucharist as Christ’s own.
He led reforms with Scripture’s guide,
And fought in religious wars where he died.
zwingli
SOLO QUESTION:
A fancy-sounding way to excuse your swearing that sounds like a presidential power + the final part of the Thirty Years’ War
Pardon My French Phase
The Reformation led to an increased emphasis on literacy for these types of people in Protestant regions, primarily so they could read the Bible – printed in the vernacular – within the household.
Women
This English monarch briefly restored Catholicism in England before being succeeded by her Protestant half-sister.
Mary I (Mary Tudor)
This radical Protestant group believed in adult baptism and separation from secular authorities.
Anabaptists
This 1555 agreement allowed German princes to choose between Lutheranism and Catholicism:
"Cuius regio, eius religio."
Peace of Augsburg
this preacher sold indulgences with flair.
He promised salvation, an offer quite rare.
Martin Luther thought it funny
That the church should trade salvation for money.
Johann Tetzel
A fragmented and decentralized collection of German-speaking states + second film in the Star Wars saga, released in 1980.
Holy Roman Empire Strikes Back
Maleficium was a key accusation in the trials and persecutions of this supposed crime during the Reformation era.
HINT... Think Halloween
Witchcraft
This term refers to political leaders who prioritized national stability over religious conflict during the Wars of Religion, often advocating for compromise between Catholics and Protestants.
Politiques
This Spanish founder of the Jesuits led a movement to strengthen Catholic education and missionary work.
Ignatius of Loyola
This Swedish king intervened in the Thirty Years’ War to support Protestant forces.
Gustavus Adolphus
In 1524, the lowly took a stand,
Against nobles’ power & they demanded land.
they thought Luther was on their side,
But they were crushed, and many died.
GERMAN PEASANTS WAR / REVOLT
A measure of how hot it feels outside when relative humidity is factored in with the actual air temperature established by the Catholic Church in 1559, this was a list of publications deemed heretical or dangerous
HEAT INDEX OF FORBIDDEN (OR PROHIBITED) BOOKS
No clowns here, but this popular festival (celebrated before Lent) was a time of feasting, gender role reversal, and excess. it was criticized by many Protestant reformers for its perceived immorality.
carnival
SOLO QUESTION
A series of wars fought between the Habsburgs and this dynasty over control of Italy were a key aspect of European power struggles in the 16th century.
Valois